Unit 10: The French Revolution & Napoleon Phase 1: 1789-1792

Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI The French Monarchy: 1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

Let Them Eat Cake! “Madame Deficit” “The Austrian Whore”

Causes for French Revolution 1. Financial Problems Exemption from the Taille (tax) 2. Economic depression and class disparity Relics of Feudalism 3. Enlightenment Ideas Equal rights for all men

The French Urban Poor

The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 1 May, 1789 K. Louis XVI calls a meeting of the Estates General (French parliament) necessary b/c of the financial crisis

The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 2 June 17 1789 The 3rd Estate wanted each representative to have a vote King liked the current system: NO change The Third Estate called itself the National Assembly and drafted a constitution

The Number of Representatives in the Estates General: Vote by Head! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate

The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 3 June 20 1789 Tennis Court Oath Oath to meet until constitution is produced

“The Third Estate Awakens” They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” June 20, 1789 “The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David

The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 4 July 14 1789 Parisian Mob storms the Bastille Why is this important? 1. Royal authority in Paris has collapsed 2. National Assembly is given time 3. Popular uprisings all over France

Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789 A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly.

The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 5 August 26, 1789 The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Liberty! Property! Resistance to oppression! Equal rights under the law for all men

The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. The Tricolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Citizen!

The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 6 1790 Church Reforms 1. Clergy ELECTED by the people 2. National Assembly seized Church lands and sold them

The French Revolution Phase 2: 1792-1794 “Radical” Phase Special Fonts: Biblo Display Black Chancery Davys Other Wingdings Edwardian Script ITC Even More Dings JL Nosferatu Press Writer Symbols Skullz

Radical French Rev.- Step 1 1792: Power transfer from the National Assembly to the Paris Commune Radical group “Sans-Culottes” 1. Captured King Louis 2. Massive Arrests and massacres - supporters of King Louis 3. Called for a National Convention for universal male suffrage

The Sans-Culottes: The Parisian Working Class Small shopkeepers. Tradesmen. Artisans. They shared many of the ideals of their middle class representatives in government!

Radical French Rev.- Step 2 September 1792 National Convention establishes the FRENCH REPUBLIC

Radical French Rev.- Step 3 Two Factions within the Nat. Convention The Girondin- Conservatives outside Paris The Mountain- Radical Parisians

The Politics of the National Convention (1792-1795) Mountain Girondin Power base in Paris. Support from the sans-culottes. Paris = center of the Revolution. WIN!!! Power base in the provinces. Feared sans-culottes Feared Parisian domination of politics.

Radical French Rev.- Step 4 January 1793: Mountains get King Louis XVI beheaded by the Guillotine!!!

Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

Radical French Rev.- Step 5 Spring 1793: National Convention creates the Committees of Public Safety [CPS] European powers about to invade (end revolution) Led by Maximilien Robespierre

Radical French Rev.- Step 6 1793-1794: Robespeirre’s Reign of Terror Targeted internal “enemies” of the revolution 300,000 arrested. 16,000 – 50,000 executed

Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. Let terror be the order of the day! -- Robespierre

Radical French Rev.- Step 7 1793-1794: De-Christianization Catholic Church: anti revolution Church associated w/ “old ways” Church: superstitious practices - No place in a rational, new FRANCE!!

The De-Christianization Program Features: The public exercise of religion was banned. Destroyed religious & royal statues. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris now the “Temple of Reason.” New Calendar system

A New Republican Calendar Year The Gregorian System returned in 1806. Vendemaire (Vintage) 22 September-21 October Brumaire (Fog) 22 October-20 November Frimaire (Frost) 21 November-20 December Nivose (Snow) 21 December-19 January Pluviose (Rain) 20 January-18 February Ventose (Wind) 19 February-20 March Germinal (Budding) 21 March-19 April Floreal (Flowers) 20 April-19 May Prairial (Meadows) 20 May-18 June Messidor (Harvest) 19 June-18 July Thermidor (Heat) 19 July-17 August Fructidor (Fruit) 18 August-21 September A New Republican Calendar Year I 1792 – 1793 II 1793 – 1794 III 1794 – 1795 IV 1795 – 1796 V 1796 – 1797 VI 1797 – 1798 VII 1798 – 1799 VIII 1799 – 1800 IX 1800 – 1801 X 1801 – 1802 XI 1802 – 1803 XII 1803 – 1804 XIII 1804 – 1805 XIV 1805 The Gregorian System returned in 1806.

Radical French Rev.- Step 8 Summer of 1794: Reign of Terror ends Nat. Convention arrests Robespierre Robespierre is tried and guillotined!

The Arrest of Robespierre

Radical French Rev.- Step 9 August of 1795: THE DIRECTORY New Constitution 1) Legislative Assembly with 2 Chambers Council of 500 (proposes legislations) Council of Elders (accepts or rejects laws) 2) Executive Committee 5 members chosen by the Council of Elders Lead rulers