Chapter 10 Lesson 10.2 Cerebrum Cerebellum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pons Medulla oblongata Journal question: What are some neurological disorders that you are familiar with?
Chapter Goals Name, locate, and describe major organs of the nervous system and their functions. Learn nervous system combining forms and use them with suffixes and prefixes. Define pathological conditions affecting the nervous system. 2
The Brain (cont’d) The brain is divided into right and left hemispheres. The brain consists of four major lobes, including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. What are the parts of the left cerebral hemisphere as shown in the diagram? What primary functions are carried out by the different lobes of the brain?
The Brain (cont’d) Cerebrum Is the largest section of brain Surface nerve cells called cerebral cortex Manages speech, vision, smell, movement, hearing, and thought What is the purpose of the cerebral cortex? How many major divisions can be applied to the entire cerebral cortex?
The Brain (cont’d) Cerebellum Thalamus Coordinates voluntary movements Maintains balance Thalamus Integrates and monitors impulses from skin (pain) What is the value of the ability to sense pain?
The Brain (cont’d) Hypothalamus Controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions Regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland Monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems How do messages travel from one side of the brain to another?
The Brain (cont’d) The Brainstem Pons Bridges cerebrum and cerebellum with rest of the brain Houses nerves for face and eyes
The Brain (cont’d) The Brainstem Medulla oblongata Connects spinal cord to brain Nerve tracts from side to side Regulates: Blood vessels Heart Respiratory system How does the word “crossover” apply to a function of the medulla oblongata?
The Spinal Cord and Meninges The spinal cord is the column of nervous tissue from the medulla oblongata to second lumbar vertebra. It serves as a pathway for impulses to and from the brain. The inner section of the cross section of the spinal cord is gray matter. The outer section of the cross section of the spinal cord is white matter. What is the difference between efferent and afferent neurons?
The Spinal Cord and Meninges (cont’d) Meninges are the three layers of connective tissue membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. What is the function of the outer dura mater? (It channels blood to brain tissue.) What fluid lies between the arachnoid membrane and the subarachnoid space? The inner pia mater offers a rich supply of blood vessels. Where are the layers of the meninges in the figure?
Vocabulary acetylcholine afferent nerve arachnoid membrane astrocyte autonomic nervous system
Vocabulary (cont’d) axon blood-brain barrier brainstem cauda equina cell body
Vocabulary (cont’d) central nervous system cerebellum cerebral cortex cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cerebrum
Vocabulary (cont’d) dendrite dura mater ependymal cell efferent nerve ganglion/ganglia glial cell or neuroglial cell gyrus
Vocabulary (cont’d) hypothalamus medulla oblongata meninges microglial cell motor nerve myelin sheath
Vocabulary (cont’d) nerve neuron neurotransmitter oligodendroglial cell parasympathetic nerves parenchyma peripheral nervous system
Vocabulary (cont’d) pia mater plexus pons receptor sciatic nerve sensory nerve spinal nerves
Vocabulary (cont’d) stimulus/stimuli stroma sulcus sympathetic nerves synapse thalamus vagus nerve ventricles of the brain
QUICK QUIZ: 1. A sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum A. microglial B. gyrus C. parenchyma D. stroma Correct answer is B: gyrus
QUICK QUIZ: 1. A sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum A. microglial B. gyrus C. parenchyma D. stroma Correct answer is B: gyrus
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. The thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges A. pia mater B. dura mater C. parenchyma D. stroma Correct answer is A: pia mater
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. The thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges A. pia mater B. dura mater C. parenchyma D. stroma Correct answer is A: pia mater
Terminology cerebell/o cerebellum cerebr/o cerebrum dur/o dura mater ORGANS AND STRUCTURES cerebell/o cerebellum cerebr/o cerebrum dur/o dura mater encephal/o brain gli/o glial cells Combining Form Meaning
Terminology (cont’d) lept/o thin, slender ORGANS AND STRUCTURES lept/o thin, slender mening/o, membranes, meningi/o meninges my/o muscle myel/o spinal cord neur/o nerve Combining Form Meaning
Terminology (cont’d) pont/o pons radicul/o nerve root ORGANS AND STRUCTURES pont/o pons radicul/o nerve root thalam/o thalamus thec/o sheath (refers to meninges) vag/o vagus nerve Combining Form Meaning
Terminology (cont’d) alges/o, -algesia -algia SYMPTOMS alges/o, -algesia -algia caus/o comat/o esthesi/o, -esthesia kines/o, -kinesia Combining Form Meaning excessive sensitivity to pain pain burning deep sleep feeling, nervous sensation movement
Terminology (cont’d) -kinesis, kinetic -lepsy movement lex/o seizure SYMPTOMS -kinesis, kinetic -lepsy lex/o -paresis -phasia Combining Form Meaning movement seizure word, phrase slight paralysis speech
Terminology (cont’d) -plegia -praxia -sthenia paralysis action SYMPTOMS -plegia -praxia -sthenia syncop/o tax/o Combining Form Meaning paralysis action strength cut off order, coordination
QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means nerve pain? A. cephalgia B. analgesia C. hypalgesia D. neuralgia Correct answer is D: neuralgia
QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means nerve pain? A. cephalgia B. analgesia C. hypalgesia D. neuralgia Correct answer is D: neuralgia
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 4. Which type of hematoma occurs between the skull and the dura as a result of a ruptured meningeal artery, usually after a fracture of the skull? A. subdural B. epidural C. intracerebral Correct answer is B: epidural.
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 4. Which type of hematoma occurs between the skull and the dura as a result of a ruptured meningeal artery, usually after a fracture of the skull? A. subdural B. epidural C. intracerebral Correct answer is B: epidural.