Acids Bases Hey, don’t forget SALTS

Look Around If you look in your medicine cabinet or refrigerator, you will find acids and bases. Aspirin Milk Of Magnesia Oranges Deodorant Lemons Soap Apples Ammonia Lactic acid occurs in sour milk, citric acid in citrus fruits, oxalic acid in rhubarb, malic acid in apples, and tartaric acid in wine. Baking soda, antacids, and lye all contain bases

They are also used for various other purposes Look Around The single most important use of acids and bases is in the manufacture of other chemicals. Fertilizers synthetic fabrics pigments Petroleum iron and steel explosives Dyes plastics pesticides soaps and detergents paper film They are also used for various other purposes cleaning surfaces refining oil and sugar treating food products.

Properties of Acids Remember, a property is like a trait or characteristic of something, a way that we can describe matter. Acids have specific properties Sour taste Acids corrode or react with metals car battery: sulfuric acid corrodes metal terminals Acids contain hydrogen and produce positive Hydrogen ions. (H+) pH less than 7

Properties of Acids using Indicators Indicators are used to determine acids and bases; they will change color when they come in contact with either the acid or base. Phenolphthalein solution remains colorless when it mixes with an acid. Blue litmus paper turns red when it contacts an acid (BRA) – A Cabbage juice solution, when placed in an acid solution will turn pink. There are many others

HEY DID YOU KNOW…… The hydrangea flower can be either pink or blue, depending on the amount of acid or base present in the soil in which it is planted. pH Flower Color 4.5 deep, vivid blue 5.0 medium blue 5.5 lavender – purple 6.0 purple – pink 6.5 mauve – pink 6.8 medium pink 7.0 deep, vivid pink Flower and Fertilizer

Properties of Bases (aka alkaline) Like acids bases have specific properties bitter taste Have a slippery feel when you touch them Can be poisonous and toxic Can emulsify, or dissolve fats and oils Good for cleaning products because it can “cut grease” Contain hydroxide ions (OH - ) (remember acids contained (H+) pH above 7 Common Bases

Properties of BASES using Indicators Remember indicators change colors when they come in contact with acids and bases. Phenolphthalein solution becomes bright pink when it mixes with a base. Red litmus paper turns blue when it contacts a base (RBB) – A Cabbage juice solution, when placed in . an base solution will turn a greenish color. There are many others

Is it STRONG or weak ? The strength or weakness of an acid or base is an important property. We measure the strength by calculating how many hydrogen or hydroxide ions are produced.

Is it STRONG or weak ? To understand this, imagine you have 100 pennies. (the pennies represent molecules) If you were able to give away 99 of those pennies, you would be considered strong, giving away 10 makes you weak. For an acid, if those molecules were put into water and 99 were able to give off hydrogen ions, that acid would be considered strong. If only 10 molecules became hydrogen ions, then it would be weak.

SO WHAT’s pH ? A measure of the hydronium ion concentration. (H3O+) (H+ from acid + H2O from water) It test how acidic a solution is. A series of numbers from 0 to 14 0 is a strong acid, 14 a strong base 7 is neutral, it is neither an acid or a base

Common STRONG Acids Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Nitric Acid (HNO3) Cleaning brick and metal Digestion Manufacturing paints, plastic, fertilizer Removing tarnish Making explosives Making fertilizer

Common STRONG Bases (aka alkaline) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Making soaps and drain cleaners Making soft soap and battery electrolyte Leather production and making plaster Laxatives and antacids

Common weak Acids Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) Citric Acid (H3C6H5O7) Carbonating beverages Making fertilizer Making detergents Making soft drinks

Common weak Bases (aka alkaline) Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Household cleaners Antacids and deodorants

Mixing Acids and Bases (aka SALTS) When the “+” of an acid mixes with the “-” of a base, they form a product that becomes neutral. (not “+” or “-” )

Mixing Acids and Bases (aka SALTS) This reaction is called “neutralization” Neutralization produces compounds called a SALTS, which have their own properties. This neutralization reaction forms a salt and a water product, many of which are insoluble. Insoluble substances do not mix with water.

Who discovered it ????? Sulfuric acid leak stopped how ????

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Red Cabbage Juice

Acids and bases are chemical compounds that have distinctive properties in water solution. The sour taste of a lemon, lime, or grapefruit, for example, is caused by citric acid. The slippery feel of ammonia, a common base, is characteristic of all bases. One of the most interesting properties of acids and bases is the way they react with indicators. An indicator is a material that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base. For instance, the hydrangea flower can be either pink or blue, depending on the amount of acid or base present in the soil in which it is planted. One of the most important characteristics of acids and bases is their strength. The strength of an acid or base depends on the number of hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions produced in water solution. For example, suppose that 100 molecules of an acid are added to water. Of those 100 molecules, imagine that 99 release hydrogen ions. That acid is said to be a strong acid. In comparison, suppose that 100 molecules of a second acid release only 10 hydrogen ions in water. That acid is said to be a weak acid. Examples of strong acids are hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), and nitric acid (HNO 3 ). Among the best-known strong bases are sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and calcium hydroxide (CaOH 2 ). The weak acids include acetic acid (HC 2 H 3 O 2 ), lactic acid (CH 3 CHOHCOOH), and oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4 ). The most familiar weak base is ammonia (NH 3 )