Devices and technology unique to electric drive vehicles Logan J Lauder

Background 6.5 million E.Vs on the road today Typically operating between 12V – 400V DC or AC current

Overview IGBTs for inverters and motor controllers Fast switching power MOSFETS Ultrafast diodes for charging and surge protection Battery monitoring systems Gate driver/ FET controller

POWER Transistor (IGBTS & FETS) H Bridge motor driver Found in charging system and drive train High current (hundred of amps) Require larger profile to dissipate heat Diagram on right is overly simplified for E.Vs!

POWER Transistor (IGBTS & FETS) cont… Minimize I^2R losses by turning on and off quickly Minimal heat dissipation in the linear region (Vgs >= Vdd) This is achieved using special gate driver circuitry

Inverters AC motor controllers Make use of IGBTs and power MOSFETS Many E.Vs contain AC drive motors Must handle large steady state currents and even larger transient currents Picture is a 3kw AC induction motor

Diodes Many applications for diodes in Ev’s Rectification Circuit protection from inductive back EMF Prevents current backflow

Diodes cont… High speed diodes are ideal for DC-DC applications in switch mode circuits, where high frequencies are often desirable STM’s STTH4R02-Y has a recovery time of 16ns

Lithium ion battery monitoring TI’s bq76PL536A-Q1 Stackable Monitors battery voltage and temperature Triggers when under-voltage or over-voltage is detected.

Conclusion Electric vehicle market is having drastic effects on semiconductor development As new EV technology emerges, so will new Semiconductor technology to match it Plenty of R&D yet to be done

5 key points Unique solutions are required to accommodate large amount of current at low voltages High speed and current diodes and transistors are designed specifically for Evs Ev’s take many shapes and forms, therefore there is a diverse array of semiconductor products being made to suite their individual needs Semiconductor field is changing to accommodate the recent explosion in the production of Evs Both fields are going to continue to grow as Evs become more prominent

Questions?

References http://www.mouser.com/applications/automotive-power-semiconductors/ http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_7.html http://www.goldenmotors.com/ https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/diodes https://www.tesla.com/