REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Marina Zanne, M.Sc. Marina.Zanne@fpp.uni-lj.si

Introduction Repair and maintenance is one of the crucial managerial issues. Good planning usually decreases the possibility for unexpected damages and emergency situations  danger & financial loss

Introduction Maintenance and repair (M&R) spending is a normal and expected cost. Class requirements Condition assessment issues Routine maintenance Shipyard choices Supervision

Reasons why damage occurs Defective parts, Discordance of a system, Physical wasting, Chemical and/or thermal causes, Trembling and vibrations, Wrong handling etc. Disturbance at one segment might cause the chaing of reactions ending up in a severe damage.

Planned repair & maintenance Depending on: Rules and requirements set by the ship’s classification society Recommendations from equipment manufacturers The policies adopted by the owner or the manager.

Being “in class” Means meeting a number of criteria set by classification society Does not mean a guarantee of seaworthiness in a legally defined sense. IACS – 10 members + 1 associate  more than 90% of merchant fleet is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance and standards set by IACS.

Condition assessment Annual surveys; visual examination to ascertain the general condition of the ship (or relevant item). Intermediate survey; visual examination of hull structure, machinery, electrical installations and equipment. Renewal survey (5 years); major survey (visual + measuring + testing) of hull structure, machinery installation and equipement. Other complete periodic surveys; boiler, radio communication, safety equipment etc. survey

Condition assessment programme Inspections that should identify areas of deficiency  targeted maintenance Hull structure assessment Machinery assessment Cargo systems assessment

Preventive maintenance vs. periodic repairs Unpredictability of damages is reduced by: Reviewing the handbooks, Inspecting and monitoring the system, Examining ship’s parts, Consulting the manufacturers etc. Decission on maintenance and repair intervals. Main goal: to keep the “hardware” functioning to an acceptable standard (at as much as possible reasonable costs)

Planned repair & maintenance Activities done by the crew  (routine) maintenance programme How to deal with equipment servicing? Specialists engagement (“flying squad”) Repair facility calls for periodic survey  coordinated with classification society inspectors

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Drewry; Ship management (2006), p. 145

Starting the selection Specification of needed repairs  Company assesses the list, makes some changes if necessaty and forwards the list to differemnt ship repair yards  Shipyards mail their offer to the shipping company (operator, manager)

Shipyard choice A number of items has to be evaluated when selecting a shipyard: Price, Location (diversion from trading routes) (Off-hire) time, Work quality, Equipment and facuilities in the yard, Reputation on timelines, Payment conditions, Location of any specialist contractors needed etc.

Onboard activities prior of going to the shipyard Prepare work and responsibility appointment list Prepare the list of tasks and coordination of work Ensure crew’s continuity during stay in the shipyard Examine of ship’s certifications (in case of class renewal) Close examination of any handbook, guides etc. Check up of working equipment and tools Mark the parts that need to be repaired as well as to assure their accessibility Secure valuable items Inform the shipyard on eventual additions to the initial specification of repairs Create the plan of ship’s tank etc.

Shiprepair price trends Shiprepair price trends (2000-2005), Basis: Singapore = 100, Drewry; Ship management (2006), p. 150

The final cost Repair costs + Loss of earnings (opportunity costs)

Conclusions The ship should be kept in good condition  unexpected damges (hull, equipment or engine damage) stop the ship and produce costs or even loss  this is avoided by preventive maintenance an dregular repairs Costs of preventive maintenance and periodic repairs should not exceed the benefits of the same  a lot of experience is needed to set the right level of regular maintenance and periodic repairs The ship is under permanent supervision of the classification society as well as under the supervision of company’s (owner’s or manager’s) inspectors.