United or Divided? The Roman Empire Strikes Back Europe between 600 and 1450 Ch 10 in Strayer’s Ways of the World United or Divided? The Roman Empire Strikes Back

Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 What’s going on in Europe, East Asia, Middle East, the Americas and Africa during this time?

Constantine moves capitol to East - Ottomans sack Constantinople Byzantine Empire 330 - 1453 Constantine moves capitol to East - Ottomans sack Constantinople Politically - centralized under an Emperor who ruled through his bureaucracy strong army, navy and merchant fleet Emperor Justinian (r 527 - 565)

Charlemagne - King of the Franks Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

Feudal kings were. . . WEAK and popes and nobles became very powerful

Byzantine Economy involved in long-distance trade exported luxury products like jewelry purple dyes and silk gold coins, the bezant, was a widely used currency in Mediterranean trade negative effect of trade: Plague of Justinian 541-542

Feudalism Early Medieval Period Collapse of Charlemagne’s Empire + Outside invasions = Feudal Era Study p 439 map in your textbook. Germanic Kingdoms are facing threat of invasions by Magyars, Vikings and Muslims Feudalism

Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

medieval knights protect Manoralism = life in manors The new economy of Western Europe = self-sufficient farms No trade in Western Europe Medieval Castle medieval knights protect serfs at work

Cultural Achievements Body of Civil Law Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) a/k/a Justinian Code of Laws: a collection of Roman laws will be preserved and reintroduced to Europe it forms the basis of our laws example: innocent until proven guilty Domed Buildings Hagia Sophia

Architectural Styles of Medieval Europe Romanesque Gothic Cathedrals Medieval Castles

Roman Catholic Church Latin Church monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface] filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. An illuminated manuscript A medieval monastery

Cyril and Methodius Introduced Christianity to the Slavic people of Central Europe and Russia. Developed an alphabet based on Greek letters to write the Slavic language This alphabet will become the Cyrillic alphabet used in Russia. Main points: Spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity and a writing system base on Greek letters to Central Europe and Russia.

The Beginning of Russia 9th century: Kiev, Russia along the Dnieper River. Vikings - Varangians. Develops due to trade between Scandinavia and Byzantine Empire along the Dnieper River.

Russian under the Tartar yoke What’s next for Russia? Mongol rule of Russia = Mongols invade Kievan Rus. The Golden Horde. Russian princes allowed to stay in power as long as they paid tribute to the Mongol ruler. Moscow princes are in charge of collecting tribute for the Mongols. They became vassals of the Mongols. 1200’s - 1400’s Russian under the Tartar yoke See map on p 439 in your textbook.

So. . . how did the Byzantine Empire influence Russia? 1. Spread Christianity - Eastern Orthodox Christianity a. use of icons in the church b. monasticism - or monastic life 2. Introduced a written alphabet 3. architectural style Russian: Byzantine:

Meanwhile in Western Europe. . . Early Middle Ages 500 - 1000 - Feudalism High Middle Ages 1000 - 1200 - Transition period - coming out of Feudalism Late Middle Ages 1200 - 1500 - Showing signs of the early modern era.

Medieval Knights: vassals of the lord Code of Chivalry Road to Knighthood

Two Major European Events The Great Schism 1054 Christianity Divides Roman Catholic Church Western, Latin Church Eastern Orthodox Greek Church vs. Crusades begin 1095 Pope Urban II

Main impact of the Crusades: It will spark European interest in the outside world and a renewed interest in TRADE.

Bubonic Plague How did the Bubonic Plague help speed up the end of Feudalism in Western Europe? nobility peasants towns monarchs

Something else that’s new in Europe: University of Bologna University of Oxford University of Toulouse

What’s next for Europe? 15th century: Rise of strong monarchs and nation- states in Western Europe: England, Spain, France Weakening of the Catholic Church Renaissance in Italy Exploration and Colonization of the Americas

Comp: East and West Europe 600-1450 From 600-1450 both Eastern and Western Europe were united under the banner of Christianity even fighting together against the Seljuk Turks in the Crusades (except for the 4th Crusades), however, Western Europe fell into a isolated state of feudalism developing military relationships of land for protection against the Vikings, Magyars and Moors, while the Byzantine would centralize an Empire from Constantinople which would serve as the crossroads providing trade and laws (Justinian’s Code) wherever the Empire brought them. Religion and politics, however saw kings and popes fighting over power of taxation laws and land grants whilst the Byzantine Emperor Justinian declared himself head of the church and the state with Caesaropapism.