The Foot The foot functions to absorb forces and provide support during running, walking, etc. 28 bones make up each foot. The “arches” of the foot are ligaments that help support body weight Major movements of the foot: Plantar flexion, Dorsi flexion, Supination, Pronation Foot assessment: HOPS

The Foot - H.O.P.S. History How did it occur? What was the MOI? Type of Pain? What surface is being used? Footwear? Observation Limping? Favoring one foot? Deformity? Swelling? Discoloration? Palpation/Special Tests Foot Movement

The Foot

Foot Injuries Heel Bruise Plantar Fasciitis MOI: Jumping, Falling S/Sx: Pain during weight bearing (putting weight on it) Tx: Ice, possibly crutches, rest, heel cup Plantar Fasciitis Heel pain at attachment of Plantar Fascia & along length of plantar fascia. May be more painful in morning Special Test: Pain during forced dorsiflexion Treatment: Stretching, RICE, Anti-inflammatory medication, Heel Cup, Arch Support Surgery / Injection

Plantar Fasciitis

Jones Fracture Fracture of base of 5th metatarsal MOI: Acute hit, Sudden movement, or overuse S/Sx: Sharp pain over lateral foot, swelling Tx: RICE, Immobilization, X-Ray, Surgery? Fracture Special Tests: Squeeze Test, Tap Test, Tuning fork

Hammer Toe Deformity of the toes where joints become misaligned Wearing tight shoes may be the cause Treatment: Ice, Splinting, Surgery

Fractures, Dislocation of Phalanges (Toes) MOI: Kicking an object, “Stubbing” a toe, Dropping object on toe S/Sx: Pain, Swelling, Discoloration, Deformity Treatment: RICE, X-Rays to determine fracture/dislocation Splinting/Taping

Bunion Painful deformity of the distal 1st metatarsal MOI: Overuse, Often wearing shoes that don’t fit S/Sx: Pain, Swelling, Deformity, Enlargement of the joint Tx: Proper shoe selection, Padding, Orthotics, Medication, Surgery

Turf Toe Hyper-extension of Big Toe MOI: Repetitive Overuse or Acute Trauma Kicking an object, causing the big toe to be hyperextended Treatment: Splinting, Bracing, Taping, Ice, Medication

Blisters Excessive rubbing causes fluid to accumulate under skin Wear clean, dry socks, Properly fitted shoes “To Pop or Not to Pop” Popping a blister opens it up to infection, instead cover and pad the blister However, if the pressure inside the blister is painful & limiting play/practice, the blister may be opened Use sterile instruments Keep blister covered and clean, vasoline may be used to prevent friction Blisters

Ingrown Toenail Nail begins to grow in to the soft tissue surrounding the toe Proper shoe fitting, Proper nail cutting essential Soak in warm water Neosporin Podiatrist