Intention – Understanding the features of the following networks PAN / LAN / WLAN / MAN / WAN / SAN

Starter – typical speeds What are the speeds and distance of the following? Copper Cable (Ethernet) CAT 5 Fibre Optic 802.11 Coaxial

Summary documentation Produce a document that describes the following for each of the networking medium listed below… + Typical speed (list several if there are more than one type) + Typical range + Is the medium susceptible to noise? Can it give off noise? + What is the medium made of? How robust is it? Copper cable (known as CAT 5 or Ethernet). Wifi (known as 802.11ac and 802.11n) Fiber optic (single and multi mode) Coaxial

Summary documentation Summarise each of the devices below. For each include… “Cisco” diagram. Description of its purpose and features PC // MAC // Printer // HUB // Switch // Router // Wireless Access Point // Server // Repeater (wireless and wired)

Routers and networks We need to learn a little more about IP and how it works. This understanding will help us understand what a Router is used for and how this compares to a switch. An IP address has two parts [Network] [Computer] A switch can only talk to computers on the same network as itself. If a switch will make sure that two people on the same physical network with different network IP addresses can never talk to each other. A router however will pass packets of data between two computers on different networks. It allows devices between two networks to communicate.

IP addresses and Subnet masks An IP address is made up of two parts. Network address Machine address An IP address consists of four, eight bit numbers Have a go at converting the following IP addresses into binary 192.168.0.123 10.11.12.34

Subnet masks. We use subnet masks to tell the computer which part of an address is the network and which part is the computer. There are three typical address classes. We use the subnet mask (or network mask) to tell the computer which portion of the address is the network. .

Worked example For each identify in binary and denary the network and computer address 10.125.25.11 255.255.0.0 111.111.123.321 255.255.255.0 7.252.252.127 255.0.0.0 88.32.25.101 255.255.0.0

Subnet Vs Network We can create internal networks within a class of network. This is known as a subnet Within a network such as a school we may want to split our network into multiple parts and logically split two machines so that they cannot talk to each other. Within one LAN we must make sure that every machine has the same network address. We can add a subnet to an address to take a portion of computer address and use this to define separate networks.

Convert each of the following into binary and explain

Examples of how Subnet can be displayed. 204. 17. 5 Examples of how Subnet can be displayed. 204.17.5.0 and a mask of 255.255.255.224 (or 204.17.5.0/27) 172.16.0.0 and a mask of 255.255.0.0 (or 172.16.0.0/16)

Can these devices communicate? jk

Local area network (LAN). A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance. A networked office building, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group of nearby buildings. In TCP/IP networking, a LAN is often but not always implemented as a single IP subnet. In addition to operating in a limited space, LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. They also tend to use certain connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernet and Token Ring.

Personal area network (PAN) A personal area network - PAN - is a computer network organized around an individual person. Personal area networks typically involve a mobile computer, a cell phone and/or a handheld computing device such as a PDA. You can use these networks to transfer files including email and calendar appointments, digital photos and music. Personal area networks can be constructed with cables or be wireless. USB and FireWire technologies often link together a wired PAN, while wireless PANs typically use Bluetooth or sometimes infrared connections. Bluetooth PANs are also sometimes called piconets. Personal area networks generally cover a range of less than 10 meters (about 30 feet). PANs can be viewed as a special type (or subset) of local area network (LAN) that supports one person instead of a group.

Wireless local area network (WLAN.) A wireless local area network (WLAN) provides wireless network communication over short distances using radio or infrared signals instead of traditional network cabling. A WLAN is a type of local area network (LAN). A WLAN can be built using any of several different wireless network protocols, most commonly either Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. Wireless LANs can contain many different kinds of devices including mobile phones laptop and tablet computers Internet audio systems game consoles Internet-enabled home appliances A WLAN can contain as few as two devices up to one hundred and more (although wireless networks become increasingly difficult to manage as the number of devices increases).

Metropolitan area network (MAN) Metropolitan area networks (MAN). Computer and Network Examples. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a large computer network on the large geographical area that include several buildings or even the entire city (metropolis). The geographical area of the MAN is larger than LAN, but smaller than WAN.

Wider area network (WAN). As the term implies, a WAN spans a large physical distance. The Internet is the largest WAN, spanning the Earth. A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs. A network device called a router connects LANs to a WAN. In IP networking, the router maintains both a LAN address and a WAN address. A WAN differs from a LAN in several important ways. Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one organization but rather exist under collective or distributed ownership and management.

Storage area network (SAN). The term SAN in computer networking most commonly refers to storage area networking but can also refer to system area networking. A storage area network is a type of local area network (LAN) designed to handle large data transfers and bulk storage of digital information. A SAN typically supports data storage, retrieval and replication on business networks using high-end servers, multiple disk arrays and interconnect technology. Storage networks work differently than mainstream client-server networks due to the special nature of their workloads. For example, home networks normally feature users browsing the Internet, which involve relatively small of amounts of data triggered at varying times, and can resend some requests if they happen to get lost. Storage networks, by comparison, must handle very large amounts of data generated in bulk requests and cannot afford to lose any of the data. A system area network is a cluster of high performance computers used for distributed processing applications requiring fast local network performance to support coordinated computation and output to external users.