ChemI Block : 9.18.15 Objectives: I can understand that mass and energy are conserved. I can investigate the evolution of the atom for the purpose of understanding how scientific advancements is dependent upon dynamic research and technology advancements. I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure.

ICP: 9.18.15 Objectives: Matter and Change Test I can understand that mass and energy are conserved. I can understand how scientists’ research and technology have helped us understand the evolution of the atom. I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure.

Conservation of Matter and Energy Matter can go through physical and chemical changes, but the atoms are always conserved. Kinetic Energy naturally flows from warm to cold matter and in that process takes many forms (solar, electrical, mechanical), but it is always conserved during physical and chemical changes. 3

Matter and Change Questions

Classification of Matter 5

Forces affected by changes with matter Intramolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces .

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT): Establishes a relationship between energy flow, speed of particles, and intermolecular forces during phase changes.

Primary Phase Changes

phase change of system Speed of Particles (increase/ decrease) Kinetic Energy (absorbed /released by particles) Intermolecular Forces: (stronger/weaker) evaporation of water condensation of alcohol deposition of copper melting of snow

Physical Separation Techniques Physical property used for separation For homo or hetero mixtures Filtration Extraction Distillation Chromatography

Homework-Due Tuesday Complete the following assignments: *Complete Atomic Model Packet *Atomic Structure Ranking Task Worksheet

Chem I : 9.22.15-2nd/3rd Due: Evolution of the Atom Packet Ranking Task: Atomic Structure Objectives: I can investigate the evolution of the atom for the purpose of understanding how scientific advancements is dependent upon dynamic research and technology advancements. I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure.

ICP: 9.22.15 Due: Atomic Models Packet Objectives: I can investigate the evolution of the atom for the purpose of understanding how scientific advancements is dependent upon dynamic research and technology advancements. I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure.

Chem I : 9.22.15-6th Due: Separation of Techniques Worksheet Objectives: I can investigate the evolution of the atom for the purpose of understanding how scientific advancements is dependent upon dynamic research and technology advancements. I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure.

ICP : 9.23.15-2nd/3rd Due: Atomic Structure: Ranking Task Worksheet-definitions Objectives: I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element.

ICP : 9.23.15-2nd/3rd Due: Atomic Structure: Ranking Task Worksheet-definitions Objectives: I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element.

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure Homework: education.jlab.org Homework: What do you predict the size difference is between an atom’s nucleus and its electron cloud?

Ranking Task: Atomic Structure Atom A Atom B Atom C Atom D Atom E 11 protons 17 protons 15 protons 12 protons 17 protons 13 neutrons 18 neutrons 16 neutrons 13 neutrons 22 neutrons 11 electrons 18 electrons 18 electrons 10 electrons 17 electrons

Atomic Number The number of protons within an atom’s nucleus. Its an atom’s I.D. Atoms of the same element always have the same number of protons. Do you notice any patterns with atomic numbers on the periodic table?

Element’s Atomic Numbers

Mass Number Mass number : The mass of a single atom. Sum of the protons (p+) and neutrons(n0) within an atom. Common unit: atomic mass unit (amu) *The mass number is NOT the same as atomic mass located on your periodic table.*

Subatomic Particles in an Atom charge location Mass (g) mass # (amu) proton 1.674 x 10 -24 electron 9.11 x 10-28 neutron 1.675 x 10 -24 23

What is the mass number for an atom? Subatomic Particle symbol charge location Mass (g) mass # (amu) proton p+ +1 nucleus 1.674 x 10 -24 1 electron e- - 1 cloud 9.11 x 10-28 neutron n0 1.675 x 10 -24 24

Chem I : 9.23.15-6th Due: Subatomic Particles Worksheet (two slides) Objectives: I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element.

Subatomic Particles in an Atom charge location Mass (g) mass # (amu) proton 1.674 x 10 -24 electron 9.11 x 10-28 neutron 1.675 x 10 -24 26

Atom’s Subatomic Particles 1. : A neutral cesium (Cs) atom has a mass of 133 amu and an atomic number of 55. How many p+, e-, and n0 are there? b. Illustrate where the subatomic particles are located within the cesium atom.

Atom’s Subatomic Particles 1.: A neutral iron(Fe) atom has an atomic number of 26 and consists of 30 neutrons. How many p+ and e- are there? b. What is iron’s mass number (amu)?

Common Elements Subatomic Differences

Chem I : 9.24.15 Due: Subatomic Differences Worksheet Isotopes Worksheet Objectives: I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element.

ICP : 9.24.15 Infinite Campus: Matter and Change Test Due: Common Elements Subatomic Differences Wksht. Objectives: I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element.

Ranking Task: Atomic Structure Atom A Atom B Atom C Atom D Atom E 11 protons 17 protons 15 protons 12 protons 17 protons 13 neutrons 18 neutrons 16 neutrons 13 neutrons 22 neutrons 11 electrons 18 electrons 18 electrons 10 electrons 17 electrons What are isotopes?

Isotopes Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons. What else will be different for these atoms?

Isotope Worksheet

Chem I : 9.25.15 Due: Subatomic Particle and Isotope Worksheet Objectives: I can predict the number subatomic particles in an atom. I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element. I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.

ICP : 9.25.15 Due: Isotopes Worksheet Objectives: I can predict the number subatomic particles in an atom. I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element. I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.

Subatomic Particles and Isotopes Worksheet

Mass Number vs. Atomic Mass

Subatomic Particle: Bell Ringer

Calculating Atomic Mass of an Element It is an average mass calculated from all the isotopes of a particular element. The average mass is weighted because there is NOT an equal amount of each isotope in a sample. How do you calculate a weighted average mass? 1. For each isotope, multiply its mass (mass #) by its natural abundance (decimal form) to get the weighted mass for each isotope. 2. Add up the isotopes weighted masses to get the atomic mass (average mass) for the element. 42

Chem I: 9.28.15 Infinite Campus: Due: Atomic Mass Worksheet Atomic Structure: Ranking Task Worksheet(tonight) Due: Atomic Mass Worksheet Objectives: I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can understand the evolution of the atom using models.

Calculating Atomic Mass Isotope Natural Abundance (%)

Chem I: 9.29.15 Infinite Campus: Isotopes and Subatomic Particles Bell Ringer Atomic Structure: Ranking Task Worksheet Due: Atomic Mass Worksheet Review Atomic Models Power Points Objectives: I can calculate subatomic particles in neutral and charged atoms. I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can understand the evolution of the atom using models.

Chem I: 9.29.15(6th period) Infinite Campus: Isotopes and Subatomic Particles Bell Ringer Atomic Structure: Ranking Task Worksheet-still get full credit Due: Atomic Mass Worksheet Review Atomic Models Power Points Objectives: I can calculate subatomic particles in neutral and charged atoms. I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can understand the evolution of the atom using models.

Atomic Mass Worksheet

Neutral vs. Charged Atoms

Evolution of the Atom: Atomic Models

Chem I: 9.30.15 Homework: Review: Matter/Change and Atomic Structure Due: Neutral vs. Charged Atoms Atomic Mass Worksheet Objectives: I can calculate subatomic particles in neutral and charged atoms. I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can understand the evolution of the atom using models. Homework: Review: Matter/Change and Atomic Structure (Test will be Friday)

Chem I: 9.30.15 Homework: Atomic Structure ( Test Thursday) Due: Neutral vs. Charged Atoms Worksheet Objectives: I can calculate subatomic particles in neutral and charged atoms. I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can understand the evolution of the atom using models. Homework: Atomic Structure ( Test Thursday)

Neutral vs. Charged Atoms

ICP: 9.29.15 Infinite Campus: Isotopes and Subatomic Particles Bell Ringer Due: Neutral vs. Charged Atoms Worksheet Objectives: I can calculate subatomic particles in neutral and charged atoms. I can identify the forces within an atom. I can understand how the atom evolved using models.

Evolution of the Atom: Atomic Models

Neutral vs. Charged Atoms

Atomic Forces Electrostatic Forces : Forces between charged particles. Types of electrostatic forces: Attractive: (p+ and e-) Repulsion: (p+ and p+ e- and e-) Nuclear Forces: Forces that holds p+ and n0 together in nucleus.

Evolution of the Atom: Atomic Models

Mapping Atomic Structure Lab Data Section: Need to include units with measurements. Show work with calculations for credit. Draw radius of atom on map. Post Lab Questions: Discuss your answers with your peers. Conclusion: What does your data section inform you about the size difference between the electron cloud and nucleus of an atom?

Isotope Worksheet Homework: Annotate the passage on isotopes. Complete the worksheet (front and back)

ChemI Block : 2.24.15 Infinite Campus: Matter and Energy Exams Due: Mapping Atomic Structure Lab-Post Lab Qts. Objectives: I can illustrate the composition and size of an atom. (Ranking Task Wksht. /Basketball Lab) I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. (Ranking Task Wksht.) I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element. (Atomic Structure Wkshts.)

Mapping Atomic Structure Lab Data Section: Need to include units with measurements. Show work with calculations for credit. Draw radius of atom on map. Post Lab Questions: Discuss your answers with your peers. Conclusion: What does your data section inform you about the size difference between the electron cloud and nucleus of an atom?

Atomic Properties If most of the atom is empty space, why doesn’t matter pass through one another? “The Space Between Atoms” video clip. spiff.rit.edu

Atomic Structure

Atomic Forces Electrostatic Forces : Forces between charged particles. Types of electrostatic forces: Attractive: (p+ and e-) Repulsion: (p+ and p+ e- and e-) Nuclear Forces: Forces that holds p+ and n0 together in nucleus.

ChemI Block : 2.25.15 Due: Mapping Atomic Structure Lab-Post Lab Qts. Objectives: I can illustrate the composition and size of an atom. (Ranking Task Wksht. /Basketball Lab) I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. (Ranking Task Wksht.) I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element. (Atomic Structure Wkshts.) I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.

Isotopic Symbols

Isotope Applications Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each neutral isotope below. Na-18 and Na-23

Chem I: Homework 1. Calculate subatomic particles in each set of isotopes and illustrate each isotope with correct location and number of subatomic particles. a. Li-6 and Li-7 b. H-1 and H-2 c. O-16 and O-17 d. B-10 and B-11 2. Research and state the difference between the following atomic terms: mass number and atomic mass. *Record answers on separate sheet.

Chem I: Homework 1. Calculate subatomic particles in each set of isotopes and illustrate each isotope with correct location and number of subatomic particles. a. Li-6 and Li-7 b. H-1 and H-2 c. O-16 and O-17 d. B-10 and B-11 2. Research and state the difference between the following atomic terms: mass number and atomic mass. *Record answers on separate sheet.

Mass Number vs. Atomic Mass

An Atom’s Mass Mass number : The mass of a single atom. Sum of the p+ and n0 within an atom. Common unit: atomic mass unit (amu) *The mass number is NOT the same as atomic mass located on your periodic table.

Calculating Atomic Mass of an Element It is an average mass calculated from all the isotopes of a particular element. The average mass is weighted because there is NOT an equal amount of each isotope in a sample. How do you calculate a weighted average mass? 1. For each isotope, multiply its mass (mass #) by its natural abundance (decimal form) to get the weighted mass for each isotope. 2. Add up the isotopes weighted masses to get the atomic mass (average mass) for the element. 76

Kandium Lab Purpose: To investigate an new element’s isotopes to calculate what its atomic mass is.

ChemI Block : 2.26.15 Due: Atomic Mass Worksheet Objectives: I can illustrate the composition and size of an atom. (Ranking Task Wksht. /Basketball Lab) I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. (Ranking Task Wksht.) I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element. (Atomic Structure Wkshts.) I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can investigate the evolution of the atom.

Atomic Mass-Key

Kandium Lab Purpose: To investigate a new element’s isotopes to calculate what its atomic mass is. Objective: Complete the lab.

Element’s Isotopes and Atomic Mass Complete for homework.

Evolution of the Atom

ChemI Block : 2.27.15 Due: Elements Isotopes and Atomic Mass Worksheet Objectives: I can illustrate the composition and size of an atom. (Ranking Task Wksht. /Basketball Lab) I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. (Ranking Task Wksht.) I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element. (Atomic Structure Wkshts.) I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can investigate the evolution of the atom.

ChemI Block : 3.4.15 Due: Subatomic Particles Worksheet Kandium Lab Objectives: I can illustrate the composition and size of an atom. (Ranking Task Wksht. /Basketball Lab) I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. (Ranking Task Wksht.) I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element. (Atomic Structure Wkshts.) I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can investigate the evolution of the atom.

Element’s Isotopes and Atomic Mass Complete for homework.

Evolution of the Atom

ChemI Block : 3.9.15 Due: Subatomic Particles Worksheet Kandium Lab Objectives: I can illustrate the composition and size of an atom. (Ranking Task Wksht. /Basketball Lab) I can predict properties of an atom based on its atomic structure. (Ranking Task Wksht.) I can distinguish between isotopes of the same element. (Atomic Structure Wkshts.) I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can investigate the evolution of the atom.

ICP: 9.28.15 Due: Subatomic Particles and Isotopes Worksheet Objectives: I can understand the evolution of the atom using models. I can distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. I can determine subatomic particles in neutral and charged atoms(ions).

Democritus(400b.c.) Greek Philosopher 1) Observed matter to be made up of atoms. 2) Atoms are the smallest form of matter. 3. Atoms cannot be broken down. 4) The types of atoms in matter determine its properties.

Aristotle: Greek Philosopher (300b.c.) Aristotle observed matter to be made from four things: earth, water, air, and fire

John Dalton’s Atomic Model

Evolution of the Atom Evaluate your answers from questions 3-4 and then place in tray.

John Dalton’s Atomic Model English school teacher Proved Democritus atoms hypothesis using the scientific method. His conclusions produced: Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. 2. Atoms cannot be subdivided. 3. Each element has the same kind of atoms. 4. A compound is composed of two or more atoms chemically combined in a fixed amount. Ex. NaCl 5. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed just rearranged during chemical reactions.

Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model

Thomson’s Cathode Tube Experiment l-esperimento-piu-bello-della-fisica.bo.imm.c...

Subatomic Particle: Electron J.J. Thomson (pg. 105) 1897 discovered electrons in gas atoms using a cathode ray tube. Determined electrons have a negative charge. Electrons have the same charge in all atoms. Robert Millikan: Determined the mass of the electron to be very tiny.

J. J Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model If atoms are made of electrons how come most matter does not shock us? Atoms must have positive particles, too. He proposed the Plum Pudding Atomic Model An atom is equally made up of positive and negative particles.

Goldstein’s Cathode Tube Experiment chemed.chem.purdue.edu reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com He discovered protons using a cathode ray tube. Observe particles moving in the opposite direction.

Subatomic Particles: Protons 1886 Eugen Goldstein observed particles traveling in the opposite direction of the cathode rays(electrons). He knew these particles must be (+) charged. They were called protons. Protons charge is the same for all atoms Protons have a significant mass compared to the electron.

Rutherford’s Model of the Atom green-planet-solar-energy.com

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment If positively charged light particles traveled through a sample of matter composed of atoms with protons and electrons evenly distributed throughout the atom, what would happen to the trajectory (path) of the + charged light particles as it passes through these atoms?

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

Rutherford’s Conclusion Most of the atom is empty space. Small dense region composed of (+) charged particles. (Nucleus)

Rutherford’s Nuclear Atomic Model

Subatomic Particle: Neutron What keeps the protons within the nucleus ? (Like particles repel each other) 1932 - James Chadwick discovers that the nucleus also has neutral particles present. He called them neutrons.

Chadwick’s Experiments: Neutron nobelprize.org

Bohr’s Model of the Atom http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/

Bohr’s Model of the Atom http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/

Bohr’s Model of the Atom Electrons travel in fixed, circular paths around the nucleus. Each path has a specific energy requirement. These circular paths are called energy levels. Limited number of electrons on each energy level. (2n2 Rule) http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/

Current Atomic Model Erwin Schrodinger blogs.stsci.edu science.howstuffworks.com

Current Atomic Model Electrons do not travel in fixed paths around the nucleus Electrons constantly move to different energy levels in the electron cloud. Direction of movement is dependent upon how much energy an electron has. Observed several different paths electrons can take around the nucleus.

Types of electron paths around nucleus

Atomic Models Dalton’s Model Thomson’s Model Rutherford’s Model Illustration Description Dalton’s Model Thomson’s Model Rutherford’s Model Bohr’s Model Schrodinger’s Model

Mass Number vs. Atomic Mass

Charged Atoms

Atomic Models Rutherford’s Dalton’s Atomic Model Nuclear Model Dalton’s Atomic Model Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model Bohr’s Planetary Model Schrodinger’s Atomic Model (current model)