NTVQF Pre -Vocational Educational certification can be a way out for unemployed from informal to formal sector.

Abstract By facilitating with the aid of access to TVET sector Pre Vocational Education and Skill Training concluded by creating the scope of self-employment and enterprise development can be an important driving forces for reducing poverty in a country like Bangladesh for the underprivileged and unemployed men and women, adolescences, and also for the people with disabilities who have low level of education and skills. This is a small scale, explorative research study under-the researched question of the role of TVET sector Pre Vocational Education and Skills Training for creating the opportunities of self-employment and enterprise development. This study adopted a case study research design where primary data were collected from selected sample through questionnaires and interview of Key Informants. For this research simple random sampling technique was employed with a sample size of 40 individuals where population size is 200 people. The main findings from the research is that if we can implement the programme of facilitating TVET sector Pre Vocational Education to mitigate the limitations of inadequate school education and NTVQF level 1 skill Training followed by Industrial Apprenticeship to enhance their employability skills with a strategy to support the unskilled and unemployed people by creating the scopes for self employment and enterprise development programme could positively influence the progress towards productive employment and decent work for achieving SDG. This research suggested the importance of the need assessment process which is likely to vary according to the different stages of self-employment’s life-cycle (like pre start-up, start-up and survival, and growth) to support the potential self-employed people who have been targeted for TVET sector Pre Vocational education and skills training and self-employment and enterprise development programme.

introduction TVET sector Pre Vocational Education and Skill Training concluded by apprenticeship and along with creating the scope of self-employment and enterprise development can be an important driving forces for reducing poverty, fostering economic growth and social development in a country like Bangladesh for the underprivileged and unemployed men and women, adolescences, and also for the people with disabilities who have low level of education and skills.

introduction Background Information: Situational Analysis: There are a large number of unemployed in our society such as men, women, adolescences, PWD etc with low level of education and skills, often have limited access to skills development programs due to inadequate scope for access to the education and skills development programs. Situational Analysis: The current low participation rates of these people in productive employment and decent work can be mitigated by offering a broader range of traditional & non-traditional education and skills training programs that could improve their employability.

Problem Statement One of the major problem for these under-represented groups for limited access to skills development programs is due to their financial vulnerability and lack of funds to cover the cost of attending education and skills development programs programs.

Purpose of the study TVET sector Pre -Vocational Education and NTVQF level 1 skill Training followed by Industrial Apprenticeship and hence creating the scopes for self employment through strengthening their capacity to increase competitiveness will persuade them to establish their own business. It will also enhance their ability to adapt to the changing technologies and labor market by improving the productivity and profitability of their enterprises.

Rationale of the Research TVET sector Pre -Vocational Education and NTVQF level 1 skill Training followed by Industrial Apprenticeship and hence creating the scopes for self employment can be the pathways for these lowly educated to enter into productive employment and decent work with an access of formal courses by filling the basic skills gaps with a focus of high-value added labor-intensive sector which eventually will encourage the formalization and growth of MSMEs and will also facilitate them to expand their business. This will ultimately enable their accessibility to banking, insurance and financial services, and hence will strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions.

Limitation of the study Though it is a small scale, exploratory nature of the study where appropriate possible findings of these issues would benefit from further investigation and the possible opportunities for new research to fill the gaps. As at the time of the research both the primary and secondary data were used for analysis, findings and recommendation.

Research timeline It is a three (3) month long small scale, exploratory nature of the study where appropriate possible findings where both the primary and secondary data were used for analysis, findings and recommendation.

Research conceptual framework Industrial Apprenticeship and hence creating the scopes for Self Employment TVET sector Pre -Vocational Education and NTVQF level 1 skill Training followed by Industrial Apprenticeship Creating the scope of Self-Employment and Enterprise Development

Review Of Literature Skills development is defined as the full range of formal and non-formal vocational, technical and skills based education and training for employment and or self-employment. It also includes: a. Pre-employment and livelihood skills training, including TVET, apprenticeships and school based TVET; b. Education and training for employed workers, including workplace training; and c. Employment oriented and job-related short courses both domestic and international markets.

Review Of Literature Self-employed is a situation in which an individual works for himself instead of working for an employer that pays a salary or a wage. A self-employed individual earns his income through conducting profitable operations from a trade or business that he operates directly.

Review Of Literature Enterprise Development Programme (EDP) is an innovative model that provides support to entrepreneurs in some of the world's poorest countries to help them create and build viable, sustainable businesses. The Enterprise development programme aims to support well-thought-out development, improved action planning, innovation implementation and product development. In the course of the development programme, where each participating enterpreneur will launch new products and services that are more profitable than their predecessors.

Research Question and Hypothesis Is there any relationship between TVET sector Pre Vocational education and skills training along with apprenticeship and Self Employment for Inclusiveness of the underprivileged and disadvantaged people of the society? Is there any relationship between TVET sector Pre Vocational education and skills training along with apprenticeship and Enterprise Development for Inclusiveness of the underprivileged and disadvantaged people of the society ? Is there any relationship between TVET sector Pre Vocational education and skills training along with apprenticeship and Self Employment and Enterprise Development for Inclusiveness of the underprivileged and disadvantaged people of the society ?

Research Question and Hypothesis Research Hypothesis: There is a relationship between TVET sector Pre Vocational education and skills training along with apprenticeship and Self Employment for Inclusiveness of the underprivileged and disadvantaged people of the society? There is a relationship between TVET sector Pre Vocational education and skills training along with apprenticeship and Enterprise Development for Inclusiveness of the underprivileged and disadvantaged people of the society ? There is a relationship between TVET sector Pre Vocational education and skills training along with apprenticeship and Self Employment and Enterprise Development for Inclusiveness of the underprivileged and disadvantaged people of the society ?

Methodology Research Design This is a small scale, explorative research study under-the researched question of the role of TVET sector Pre Voc (1 and 2) Education and Skill Training for self-employment and hence enterprise development. It draws on a literature review, data analysis from and a series of expert interviews of the targeted group who are the representative of the underprivileged and unemployed men, women, adolescences and PWD with low level of education and skill. For the research two slumps from DNCC have been selected where there were 100 household. For this research simple random sampling technique was employed with the sample size of 40 individuals where population size is 200 people. There two focused group discussion have been conducted where primary data were collected from the interested volunteers through well prepared questionnaires and interview. There were 40 Key Informants who were selected randomly. Out of these 40 key informants there were 10 people who have low level of education and skill, 15 non working women, 10 adolescences and 5 PWD etc.

Methodology Sampling Method Data Collection Procedure Research Design Non-probability samples technique has been used for the research i.e. voluntary samples and convenience samples. people who self-select into the survey. As they have a strong interest in the topic of the survey and were easy to reach. Data Collection Procedure Information which has been gathered collected from a range of sources. a variety of techniques are being used when gathering primary data. These are Interviews (One-on-one conversation), Focus groups discussion ( some representative of the targeted group of these research programme have been invited to informally discuss about the contents of the research which might be benefited for them in future.

Analysis However, research suggests that through facilitating TVET sector Pre Voc Education and NTVQF level 1 skill Training certification followed by Industrial Apprenticeship and hence Job placement programme through creating the opportunities of self-employment and enterprise development to promote productive employment and decent work for the unemployed and underprivileged people of the society which will reduce unemployment directly, and will enhance the long-term employability for them. Latter it will stimulate the growth of micro and small enterprise in the economy.

findings We summaries here the main findings from the research that if we can adopt and implement different programmes to facilitate TVET sector Pre Voc Education and NTVQF level 1 skill Training certification followed by Industrial Apprenticeship and hence Job placement programme for unskilled and unemployed people with a strategy to support them by creating the scopes for self employment and enterprise development programme to enhance their employability could positively influence the progress towards achieving broader human development goals.

Recommendation This research suggested the importance of following policies Specified modules for pre vocational education certification for the people with no literacy and numeracy, creating the more scopes for pre vocational education and skills trainings programmes, Increasing the number of pre vocational education and skills training institutions, Support them to reduce their financial vulnerability and allocating the provision of funds to cover the cost of attending education and skills development programs program, Establishing self employment as well as micro and small enterprise support center, Specific micro credit scheme and establishment of specialized microcredit supporting financing institutions for start up capital financing.

Recommendation This research suggested the importance of the need assessment process which is likely to vary according to the different stages of self-employment’s life-cycle (like pre start-up, start-up and survival, and growth) to support the potential self-employed people who have been targeted for TVET sector Pre Vocational education and skills training certification programme .The potential self-employed people are likely to require a different balance of support provision to maintain, develop and update their skills like human capital support, market analysis and financial support (e.g. formal training, or mentoring, or other kinds of advice and guidance).

Significant of the study TVET sector Pre Voc Education and NTVQF level 1 skill Training certification followed by Industrial Apprenticeship and hence Job placement programme will not only increase the sufficient level of income and resources by reducing significant rate of unemployment accompanying with decreasing proportion of Poverty level but also lessen the lack of basic services for the underprivileged and disadvantaged people, such as health and nutrition, education, social security, and social discrimination and social exclusion which negatively affects the emotional and spiritual world of a human being.

Conclusion Therefore TVET sector Pre Vocational Education and NTVQF level 1 skill Training certification followed by Industrial Apprenticeship and hence Self Employment and Enterprise Development will stimulate in participating in socio-economic decision-making processes which will fuel Sustainable Developing Goals for underprivileged and unemployed men, women, young, adults and people with disabilities who have low level of education and skills and finally will benefit the society, country and humanity at a large.

Reference National Skills Development policy 2011, National Skills Development System in Bangladesh 2015, The Next 15 Million: Entrepreneurship Training At Scale – New Data On The Global Outreach Of ILO’s Entrepreneurship Training