The Holy Roman Empire and the Church Ch 13 sec 2 The Holy Roman Empire and the Church

Holy Roman Empire Consisted of lands in Germany and Italy. Duke of Saxony Otto I would become the King of Germany. He then helped the Pope with an uprising of Roman nobles. Pope crowned Otto I as Emperor. Otto I descendants would then become the Holy Roman Emperors. What is the significance of the title?

Conflict between Popes and Kings Lay Investiture -The process of a secular ruler (king) appointing a lay person to a high position (Bishop) in the Catholic Church. That person would receive the symbols of that office by the king. Ring and Staff. What problems could this create?

Gregory VII – Catholic Pope Ruled from 1073 to 1085 Known for his dispute with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV of Germany. Henry was appointing lay people to the office of Bishop(invest). Gregory VII claimed that only the Catholic Church could invest Bishops with the symbols of his spiritual office.

Gregory vs Henry Henry IV claimed that as the owner of the fief he alone had the right to appoint people to his church. In 1076 Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV which freed his subjects from allegiance to Henry. (interdict) Gregory then headed north to crown a new emperor. Henry tore his clothes and asked Gregory for forgiveness. Do Christians forgive? Henry IV kept his throne and later took revenge on Gregory forcing him into exile.

Concordat of Worms In 1122, after 50 years of conflict over lay investiture both kings and the Catholic Church accepted a treaty called the Concordat of Worms. This gave the church the power to elect and invest bishops with their spiritual power. The kings had the power to invest the bishops with fiefs. How does this benefit both parties?

Conflict between Popes and Kings Emperor Frederick I (called Barbarossa or Red Beard) tried to place the northern cities of Italy under his control. Pope sided with the cities and fought against Barbarossa. Pope was afraid that Barbarossa would conquer his papal state .

Conflict between Popes and Kings Frederick II - grandson of Frederick I tries to subdue the same northern Italian cities taking his eye off the German nobles. The result is that the Holy Roman empire would be fragmented into many feudal states. Germany would not be unified for another 600 years. http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/holy_rom an_empire_1138.htm

Church Architecture Romanesque – Mix of Roman and Byzantine building styles. 6th to 10th century Barrel vaulted ceiling Massive pillars to hold up the ceiling Little to no windows – dark and gloomy Cross vault – shape of a cross Like a fortress – thick walls Towers

Romanesque Church

Gothic Church Developed in the 12th century. Characteristics are: Ribbed vaults Pointed arches – upward movement Very thin walls Huge stained glass windows –lots of light – religious scenes. Lofty ceilings Flying Buttress – pillars on the outside of the church – supported the thin walls.

Gothic Church

Gothic Windows