Thermag VII Torino Italy ELICiT EU PROJECT September 14th. 2016

Magnetic refrigeration for domestic appliances : Regulatory challenges EU regulatory and standard framework Focus on new international test standard IEC : 62552-2015 Test methodology Conclusions

Regulatory Context : main requirements

EU Regulatory Context Essential requirements Safety Security Environmental issues

Main EU regulations applicable to Magnetic Refrigerator

Main standards applicable to Magnetic Refrigerator

EU Energy Labeling Influence end-user’s choice Delegated Regulation 2010/1060/EU Introduce Energy classification

EU ECO Design/Energy Related Product Minimum requirements Fixed by implementing Regulation 643/2009 Scales are different for Compression type & Absorption type Magnetic refrigerator type can follow the same restriction that compression type

EU Machinery & Low Voltage directives Risks assessment due to moving components Risks assessment due to electric components Applicable to Magnetic refrigerator: Magnetocaloric material Motion system

EU EMC Directive Compliant electromagnetic disturbance Emission : Do not disturb other appliances Immunity : Is not disturb by other appliances Applicable to Magnetic Cooling System

EU WEEE Producer responsibilities Prevention of WEEE by re-use, recovery… Compliance ensured by EEE Symbol EEE Symbol All materials can be re-use and/or recover

Other EU Directives : Rohs & Reach Prototype not include Rohs restricted materials (Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, … ) Reach regulation All materials out of Reach restriction Further studies have to be performed concerning toxicity of the magnetocaloric material which is made of LaFe(13)Si(1-x)Co(x).

Other requirements Storage Temperature Coolant toxicity Respect general storage temperature required in the Food Law Evaluate conformity by initiating a cartography procedure Coolant toxicity The coolant (non-drinkable water) may contain adjuvant – Contact with foodstuffs in case of knife defrosting ?

Focus on new int. test standard IEC : 62552-2015 This standard replaces the current ISO15502 / IEC62552:2007 standard and is referred to as IEC62552-1,-2,-3:2015. This new global standard should not be confused with the EN62552:2013 standard at European level. This is actually an update of the older EN153/ISO15502 standard and addresses a number of smaller issues, while the new standard at global level includes significant changes compared to the present standard. The process of converting the new global IEC standard to a European version is ongoing within CENELEC. Most dominant changes which impact the energy consumption are listed in the following table : Item EN 62552 New global standard 62552-2015 Ambient Temperature [°C] 25°C 16°C and 32 °C. The annual energy consumption is to be calculated from Etotal= f{Edaily-16°C, Edaily-32°C} . where f is a function to be regionally defined. For example: Etotal= F*365* Edaily-16°C+ (1-F)*365*Edaily-32°C, where F is a linear interpolation factor. F= 0 gives the 32°C results and F= 1 the 16°C results.

Impact of global standard 62552-2015 Item EN 62552 New global standard 62552-2015 Fresh Food target 5°C 4°C Frozen Food Target Temperature (3 and 4 star compartments) [°C] -18 °C (warmest Package) -18 average temperature of 5 or more distributed temperature sensors (no packages) From the list above, it can be seen that, at equal ambient temperatures, fridges will consume more as the reference temperature has dropped from 5 to 4°C. (approximately 5% at 25°C amb temperature) Products with perfect compartment temperature control benefit from the new standard compared to products with less perfect control, having temperatures below target value when the ambient temperature deviates from 25°C. The fraction to take from each test is not defined in the new global standard but is left to each global region to define. This allows taking into account specific climate conditions. Effect that interpolation of 25°C gives a higher consumption than an actual test at 25°C (estimated at 7 % for fridges)

Prototypes benchmarking A map for different groups working on the magnetocaloric refrigeration around the world (left), and the maximum obtained temperature span (right). Osmann Sari & Mohamed Balli, Intern. Journal of Refrig., Vol. 37, January 2014

Performance comparison (Roudaut et al., Thermag IV, 2010)

Test methodology

Test methodology Appliance energy efficiency defined by regulation ... regardless of whether it is gas compressor based, absorption system or magnetic refrigeration. There may be some differences in the details of execution (Cemafroid has examined this) but this definition is otherwise straightforward. Comparison of energy performance of different magnetic cooling engines needs to: take into account different cooling power take into account different operating span relate back to thermodynamic absolute efficiency (Carnot) Is it useful to compare the efficiency and energy consumption of specific energy consuming components within different magnetic cooling engines solutions : pumps motors fans

Conclusion Performance of prototype depending on several design considerations mass, type and shape of refrigerant regenerator geometry magnetic field strength Coolant (type, flow rate) operating frequency etc. Test methodology developed by Cemafroid is compatible in any case Reliability of the systems needs to be improved in order to build a robust energy labelling scheme

Thank You. Thomas Michineau thomas. michineau@cemafroid Thank You! Thomas Michineau thomas.michineau@cemafroid.fr Gérald Cavalier gerald.cavalier@cemafroid.fr elicit-project.eu #MagneticCooling