The quark model FK7003.

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Presentation transcript:

The quark model FK7003

The quark model FK7003

Forming hadrons FK7003

Combining particles (1) – angular momentum FK7003

Quarks and isospin FK7003

Isospin of antiquarks (not for lecture or exam) FK7003

Combining particles (2) – isospin FK7003

Combining particles (3) – colour FK7003

Can we describe the observed mesons -1 0 +1 r- r0 r+ w ? -1 0 +1 FK7003

Meson wave functions Lq 2 q 1 q Lq FK7003

Baryons FK7003

FK7003

Baryons FK7003

Combining colour FK7003

Baryon wave function FK7003

Can we describe the observed baryons -1/2 0 +1/2 D- D0 D+ D++ -3/2 -1/2 +1/2 3/2 FK7003

Test the quark model – Spin 3/2 baryon   FK7003

Test the quark model – spin-1/2 baryons Left as an exercise…. FK7003

So far so good Can understand the existence and properties of multiplets the very lightest hadrons with SU(2)-isospin symmetry. SU(2) symmetry is ”good” - all hadrons in an isospin multiplet have similar masses since u,d have similar masses. FK7003

Extending the model ½ -½ ½ -½ I3 I3 +1 -1 +1 -1 Meson nonet (spin 0) Baryon decuplet (spin 1/2) Baryon decuplet (spin 3/2) FK7003

Extending the quark model FK7003

Combining quarks (3) - flavour Isospin multiplets form part of pattern. Meson nonet (octet+singlet) (spin 0) -1 +1 -½ ½ I3 FK7003

Identifying the states FK7003

SU(3) Flavour – mesons of spin 1 (vector) FK7003

Meson wave functions FK7003

Baryons -3/2 -1 -1/2 0 1/2 1 3/2 FK7003

FK7003 -1 -1/2 0 1/2 1

FK7003

Test the quark model – decuplet   FK7003

The quark model works Possible mutliplets of ground state baryons with similar properties Observed in nature ? Predicted to exist by the quark model Comments Spin 1/2 octet  Spin 3/2 octet X Spin 1/2 singlet Spin 3/2 singlet Spin 1/2 decuplet Spin 3/2 decuplet FK7003

Success of SU(3) With SU(3) symmetry and u,d,s quark model can understand the existence and basic properties of all light ground state hadrons SU(2) symmetry is ”good” - all hadrons in an isospin multiplet have similar masses since u,d have similar masses. SU(3) symmetry is ”approximate” – larger mass differences owing to difference of s and u,d, masses. To include charm, use SU(4) symmetry – useful to enumerate states but a poor symmetry owing to the heavy charm mass. FK7003

A historical note FK7003

Baryon magnetic moments FK7003

Baryon magnetic moments Prediction Experiment p 2.79 2.793 n -1.86 1.913 L -0.58 -0.61 S+ 2.68 2.33 +/- 0.13 S0 0.82 No measurement S- -1.05 -1.41 +/- 0.25 -1.40 -1.253 +/- 0.014 -0.47 -0.69 +/- 0.04 FK7003

Summary Hadrons with similar properties occur in multiplets in nature The quark model is based on a few simple postulates The quark model successfully describes the observed multiplet structure Still to show evidence that ”quarks” are physical objects (next lecture) FK7003