“Shoot from the Lips and not from the Hips!” Cold War Begins Definition: A war in which no actual fighting took place on the battlefield “Shoot from the Lips and not from the Hips!”

Yalta Conference When: Feb. 1945 Who: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin What: Plan Post World War II World Issues Discussed: 1) Dividing Germany Divide into 4 sectors – Great Britain, French, US, and Soviets Berlin would also be divided into 4 zones Argument over Germany paying reparations

Yalta con’t Issues Discussed 2) Poland US wanted it to be free Soviets wanted its gov’t to be friendly for protection Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to recognize Polish gov’t set up by Soviets Stalin agreed to include members of prewar Polish gov’t and allow free elections in Poland ASAP 3)Declaration of a Liberated Europe Promised the people of Europe they would help create democratic institutions of their choosing

Tensions from Yalta Turning point in US Soviet Relations …in a bad way US claimed Soviets violated Declaration of Liberated Europe by pressuring Romania into a Communist gov’t Soviets didn’t allow free elections in Poland

2 Differing Goals Soviets – Protection US – Economic Wanted to keep Germany weak and set up a ‘buffer zone’ for protection US – Economic Believed economic growth was key to success in Europe Create growth through world trade, democracy and free enterprise (capitalism)

Potsdam Conference Truman wanted to work out a deal on Germany Truman took a heavy stand on Germany paying reparations – did not want them to pay Stalin imposed reparations on his sector of Germany and we would give him only a small amount of industrial equipment from West Germany Soviets did NOT agree to uphold Declaration of Liberated Europe - NO Democracy!!!

Iron Curtain Dividing line between communist east and democratic west Europe Communist countries in the East became satellite nations Satellite = pro Soviet gov’t that followed policies the Soviets approved; state under heavy influence or control of another

Containment Stop the Spread of Communism Keep communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions

Containment policies

1) Truman Doctrine Aid free people in their fight against communism Gave money to Greece and Turkey to stop communism from spreading to their country

2) Marshall Plan Gave European nations American aid to rebuild their country Western Europe’s economic recovery weakened the appeal of communism

3) Berlin Airlift US announced they were merging their sector of Germany with GB and France and allowing West Germany to hold free elections In response the Soviets cut off (blockaded) road and rail traffic to West Berlin US Response: fly supplies over West Berlin and drop them down on the Soviet side May 1949- Soviets lifted the blockade after almost 1 year

4) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Defense alliance Agreed to aid any member that was attacked Soviet response: Warsaw Pact which was their own military alliance

5) Korean War Korea was divided at the 38th parallel after WWII June 25, 1950 North Korean troops invaded South Korea President Truman received a pledge from the UN to send troops to protect South Korea American and S. Korean Troops had been driving back to small area called Pusan

Korean War con’t American troops led by General Douglas MacArthur went behind enemy lines and landed at port of Inchon Inchon landing surprised North Koreans who retreated back to 38th parallel MacArthur ordered US troops north of the 38th parallel into N. Korea Consequence: China enters the war against the US to push us back South of 38th parallel

General MacArthur is Fired MacArthur wanted approval to go to war against China and use atomic bomb on China Truman refused to expand war into China MacArthur publicly criticized the President’s decision so he was fired for insubordination

Ending the Korean War Korean War expanded Cold War into Asia 33,600 Americans died November 1951 peace negotiations started but no armistice until July 1953 President Dwight Eisenhower was elected in 1952 and promised to bring war to an end Even though fighting ended with the armistice there was never a peace treaty to end the war US troops are still in South Korea to protect them from North Korea

Cold War Causes 1) Ideology 2) Protection goals Soviets – Communist dictatorship US – Capitalistic Democracy 2) Protection goals Soviets – Wanted a weak Germany and countries that bordered it to be communist US – wanted to rebuild European economies and create democracies to protect the rest of the world Thought economic problems led to Hitler and war 3) Mistrust and Tension Yalta – Soviets not allowed free elections like they agreed to Potsdam – US didn’t allow Soviets to make W. Germany pay reparations Atomic Bomb – US did not tell of Manhattan Project D-Day – 2nd front in Europe came much later than Stalin wanted