Improving the Health of America’s Children Chapter 1
Pretest How many minutes of physical activity should children accumulate per day? What percentage of American children are overweight? What percentage of American children are obese?
Pretest What are 3 health effects of overweight and obesity? How much money do researchers estimate states spend per year in medical expenditures related to obesity?
60 minutes and up to several hours per day How many minutes of physical activity should children accumulate per day? 60 minutes and up to several hours per day
What percentage of American children are overweight? 33%
What percentage of American children are obese? 17%
What are 3 health effects of overweight and obesity found in children? asthma Type 2 diabetes hypertension orthopedic complications psychosocial effects sleep apnea
How much money do researchers estimate states spend per year in medical expenditures related to obesity? $190 billion
Overweight and Obesity Has doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years If overweight by 8 yr = 80% more likely to become overweight or obese adults 1 in 3 children born today will develop type II diabetes
Overweight and Obesity More strongly linked to not moving than an increase in calories Children age 8-14 spend an average of 6 hours a day “plugged-in”
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987 No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988 No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989 No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004 We have never had an epidemic like this that we have been able to track so thoroughly and see. As I told you, this is conservative. About 60 million adults, or 30 percent of the adult population, are now obese, which represents a doubling of the rate since 1980. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005 We have never had an epidemic like this that we have been able to track so thoroughly and see. As I told you, this is conservative. About 60 million adults, or 30 percent of the adult population, are now obese, which represents a doubling of the rate since 1980. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006 We have never had an epidemic like this that we have been able to track so thoroughly and see. As I told you, this is conservative. About 60 million adults, or 30 percent of the adult population, are now obese, which represents a doubling of the rate since 1980. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2007 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2008 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2009 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2010 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2011 *Prevalence reflects BRFSS methodological changes in 2011, and these estimates should not be compared to previous years. 15%–<20% 20%–<25% 25%–<30% 30%–<35% ≥35%
Physical Education Studies have shown positive relationships between academic achievement and physical activity or participation in sports. An increase in math and reading scores especially for girls Standardized test scores increase However, studies do not support adding more academic time increases test scores
However, studies do not support adding more academic time increases test scores!
What is physical education? An instructional program that provides developmentally appropriate activities Educates all students about and through movement Includes the three domains of learning
What is physical education? Goal is for students to: become skilled movers who are physically active appreciate the value of movement, activity, and fitness in their lives
Including Movement in the Classroom Physical Activity Breaks (energizers) Integrating movement into academic lessons
Appropriate Practices We have appropriate practices just like you!
We have standards to achieve just like you! NASPE Standards National Assc. for Sports & Physical Education We have standards to achieve just like you!
NASPE Standards Students demonstrate competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities Students demonstrate understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities Students participate regularly in physical activity
NASPE Standards Students achieve and maintain a health-enhancing level of physical fitness Students exhibit responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings Students value physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and/or social interaction
What we know about movement Improves health, self-esteem, peer relations, academic performance Can lead to lifetime habits Increases blood flow to memory centers of brain
What we know about movement Increased blood flow improves attention and memory Increases level of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine which help the efficiency of the brain
What we know about movement Movement causes structural changes of the brain improving the ability to learn
Quality Programs Movement skills Improving health related fitness Encourages lifetime activity Promotes social, cooperative and problem solving skills