Mass Politics, and Culture SECONDARY - Riemer & Fout - European Women Industry, Mass Politics, and Culture Taming the City 718-723 Science and Thought 741-745 Second Industrial Revolution New Industries Bessemer process German chemical industry New Sources of Power electricity / oil / gasoline

Taming the City 718-723 Science and Thought 741-745 Second Industrial Revolution New Forms of Communication and Transportation *telegraph telephone internal combustion engine *trolley cars *steamships *refrigerated rail cars *bicycles

Taming the City 718-723 Science and Thought 741-745 Second Industrial Revolution *sewage and water systems *public lighting *public housing

Taming the City 718-723 New Forms of Industrial Organization corporations Alfred Krupp Alfred Nobel New Industrial Powers Great Britain / Germany / United States balance of power

KEY CONCEPT 3.2 KEY CONCEPT 3.3 The experiences of everyday life were shaped by industrialization, depending on the level of industrial development in a particular location. KEY CONCEPT 3.3 The problems of industrialization provoked a range of ideological, governmental, and collective responses. Population Growth and Urbanization Population Growth Europe 1800 – 193 million Europe 1900 – 423 million Urbanization 1914: Britain – 80% Germany – 60% France – 45%

Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732   Social Divisions in “La Belle Epoque” “Bell Epoque”, 1880-1914 Upper Class (1-2% of population) mansions / domestics

Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732   Social Divisions in “La Belle Epoque” Upper Class (1-2% of population) Thorstein Veblin – “conspicuous consumption”

Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732   Social Divisions in “La Belle Epoque” Middle Class (20-25% of population) “white collar” technology – standard of living urban renewal leisure time

Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732   Social Divisions in “La Belle Epoque” Working Class (75-80% of population) tenements tuberculosis technology – quality of life nationalism suffrage

Rich and Poor and Those in Between 723-732 leisure time: *parks *sports clubs and arenas *beaches *department stores (catalogs) *museums *theaters and music halls *opera houses

Changing Family 732-741 John Stuart Mill – The Subjugation of Women 219-221 Old Women’s Rights Key Voices Olympe de Gouges, 1748-1793 Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen, 1789 Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797 A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792 *Flora Tristan John Stuart Mill, 1806-1873 The Subjugation of Women, 1869 Henrik Ibsen, 1828 -1906 A Doll’s House, 1879 *(these writers generate quotes)

Changing Family 732-741 John Stuart Mill – The Subjugation of Women 219-221 Old Women’s Rights Economic Hardships 1850 – ½ of the workforce = women / children ½ men’s wages Child Labor Laws unions exclude women 1900 – clerks, typists educated women limited

Changing Family 732-741 The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority 224-225 Old Emmeline Pankhurst – Why We Are Militant 221-224 Old Legal Discrimination legal subordination divorce – Germany, 1857 / France, 1884 (not Spain or Italy) no franchise

Changing Family 732-741 The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority 224-225 Old Emmeline Pankhurst – Why We Are Militant 221-224 Old Women’s Suffrage Movement *Barbara Smith Bodichon National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies – Millicent Garrett Fawcett, 1897 Women’s Social and Political Union – Emmeline Pankhurst, 1903 Epsom Derby, Emily Davison, 1913

The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority 224-225 Old Changing Family 732-741 The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority 224-225 Old Emmeline Pankhurst – Why We Are Militant 221-224 Old “Angel in the House” “cult of domesticity” “power behind the throne”

Changing Family 732-741 The Goncourt Brothers – On Female Inferiority 224-225 Old Emmeline Pankhurst – Why We Are Militant 221-224 Old “New Women” longer life / fewer chidren activism fashion changes “male” leisure activities model for future feminists

*social reform movements *Sunday School Movement *Temperance Movement *British Abolitionist Movement *Josephine Butler

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Marxism and the Socialist Movement 773-777   Age of Mass Politics Key Trends universal male suffrage by 1914 mass political parties trade unions & socialist parties welfare state (socialist party success) balance of power shift *mass-based political parties: *Conservatives and Liberals in Great Britain *Conservatives and Socialists in France *Social Democratic Party in Germany *worker parties: *German Social Democratic Party *British Labour Party *Russian Social Democratic Party

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Emile Zola – “J’Accuse” the French Army 438-440 New France Paris Commune, 1871 Third Republic Dreyfus Affair, 1894-1906 Emile Zola – “J’Accuse” Theodore Herzl – The Jewish State *(Dreyfus/Zola/Zionism – frequent questions)

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Great Britain Irish Question Act of Union, 1801 *Great Famine Charles Parnell William Gladstone / Liberals Ulsterites Home Rule Bill, 1914 Easter Rebellion

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Great Britain William Gladstone / Liberals Franchise Act of 1884 health and unemployment insurance

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire 759-765 Germany Bismarck – social welfare Kulturkampf Wilhelm II, 1888-1914 Bismarck resignation, 1890

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire 759-765 Russia autocracy and repression Alexander III, 1881-1894 *Sergei Witte Nicholas II, 1894-1917 Russofication pogroms

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire 759-765 Russia Kadets Social Democrat split, 1903 Mensheviks Bolsheviks, Lenin

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire 759-765 Russia Russo-Japanese War, 1904 Revolution of 1905 “Bloody Sunday” Duma *Peter Stolypin

The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 766-773 Hermann Ahlwardt – The Semetic Versus the Teutonic Race 229-231 Old Theodor Herzl – The Jewish State 236-238 Old *anti-Semitism: *pogroms *Dreyfus Affair *Christian Social Party in Germany *Karl Lueger, mayor of Vienna *Zionism: *Theodor Herzl

Taming the City 718-723 Science and Thought 741-745   Science and the Age of Progress Bacterial Revolution Louis Pasteur Robert Koch Joseph Lister lifespan expands by 15 years

Taming the City 718-723 Charles Darwin – Natural Selection 176-179 Old Science and Thought 741-745 Herbert Spencer – Survival of the Fittest Applied to Humankind 426-427 New   Science and the Age of Progress Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859 Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer

KEY CONCEPT 3.6 European ideas and culture expressed a tension between objectivity and scientific realism on one hand, and subjectivity and individual expression on the other. Modern Art Modernity camera bourgeois patronage

Modern Art Impressionism Claude Monet Pierre-Auguste Renoir *Edgar Degas

Modern Art Post-Impressionism Paul Cezanne Vincent Van Gogh

Modern Art Cubism Georges Braque Pablo Picasso *Henri Matisse

Making Comparisons: Raphael and Picasso School of Athens classicism harmony, proportion, balance Renaissance patronage Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon underside of society cubist technique – no harmony, proportion, balance limited bohemian audience