Tri 3 Final Review

Renewable Resource Any resource that can/will be naturally replenished in a reasonable amount of time. Examples: * Hydroelectric * Wind * Biomass (plants) * Solar * Geothermal

Hydroelectric Energy Pros(+) Renewable Low operating cost Clean Cons(-) Expensive to build Destruction of Habitats Limited Locations

Nonrenewable Energy A resource that Cannot be replenished in the near future

Examples of Nonrenewable Energy *Coal *Natural Gas (Lowest Emissions) *Oil Nuclear (Cleanest Emissions) *These 3 are the major source of all energy. They’re inexpensive, but very dirty and they all release major pollution

Burning Coal Releases Carbon Dioxide Mercury Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Greenhouse Gases 1. Water: Most abundant greenhouse gas 2. CO2 (Mostly released by humans burning fossil fuels) 3. Methane

Global warming could accelerate if the permafrost thaws and releases more Methane gas.

Climate Change could cause *Change in global precipitation patterns *Extinction of some species Increase hurricanes Rising sea levels, (not falling sea levels)

Increase Temperatures could decrease Moose population in Minnesota

Global Warming occurs in the Troposphere and Ozone depletion occurs in the Stratosphere.

Ozone Layer Depletion Ozone Layer (O3) blocks harmful UV radiation Chlorofluorocarbons: CFC’s: Primary gas that depletes the ozone layer

Temperature Inversion Air temperature increases with increase height which can trap pollutants creating smog.

ACID RAIN: Both HNO3 & H2SO3 Solution!!! Reduce Coal

“The EPA to set national ambient air quality standards for air pollutants.”

River Ecology Watershed: An area of land where all of the water ends up in the same location.  

Aquifer:   Ground water is part of the water shed. Water seeps into the ground and slowly moves through the watershed.

What’s an AQUIFER? A permeable layer that contains water.

Pollution Chemicals on land can pollute ground water and eventually lakes and streams.

Point Source Pollution The source of the pollution starts at one location. (A Point!!)

Point Source Pollution: Organic matter, like sewage, adds Nitrogen and Phosphorus which is broken down by bacteria reducing dissolved Oxygen

Non-Point Source The source of the pollution is wide spread. Agriculture # 1 (Phosphorous)

Non-Point Source Phosphorus increase algae bloom, bacterial activity -> lower O2.

Non-Point Source Agricultural chemical flow to Mississippi!!!

DEAD ZONE: No Oxygen due to Non Point Source pollution!!

Four methods of irrigation: Surface. Sprinkler. Drip/trickle. BEST Subsurface.

The best approach to reducing flood risk: Floodplain Management: / Wetland Restoration / Protection Don’t build on Floodplains, Restore wetlands that have been drained. Reconstruct Oxbows that were straighten. Instead of spending Billions of dollars trying to conquer nature, spend a few million to restore it.

Earth & Soil

Plate Tectonics Seafloor spreading along the plate boundary

What happens where the plates come together ________

Rock Cycle Ex. Basalt Granite

Sedimentary Rock: From weathering rock. Fossils!!!

IGNEOUS ROCKS Basalt: From Lava: (Taylors Falls)

Soil Composition Clay: Very fine particles. Low permeability. Soil can become water logged Silt: Fine Sedimentary material. Loam: Mixture of Clay, silt, sand and *Humus. Sand: Medium size Sedimentary material. Water flows through easily. Gravel: Course sedimentary material. Small rocks *Humus: Dark organic matter from decomposition.

Soil Profile “A Layer”: Top Soil that contains humus roots and dark organic matter from decomposition.

SALINZATION: Water that’s not absorbed and evaporates leaving behind dissolved salts in the topsoil . (Often in the Deserts)

Dust Bowl 1930’s “Resulted in the Soil and Water Conservation Act”

Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking) A method to extract oil from the ground

Negative Consequences of Fracking 1. Release Methane into ground water 2. Contaminates Drinking water 3. Waste can leach into ground water

Fragmentation of forests: Decreases Biodiversity: Loss of Habitat #1 threat to Species

Love Canal, New York The danger of disposing toxic chemicals underground came to the public attention. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7ChkI77QXs

Environmental Remediation The removal of pollution or contaminants from the soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water. Ex. PCB consuming bacteria are sprayed on an area that is contaminated with PCB’s

Integrated Pest Management The intelligent selection and use of pest control actions that will ensure favorable economic, ecological and sociological consequences.