The Beginning of the Industrial Revolution This presentation should provide the students with a reminder of what conditions were like prior to the Industrial Revolution and focus their attentions on the areas of change that occurred during this period of history. They should have some idea of living conditions based on previous world history lessons on the conditions in the Middle Ages. The presentation also sets the stage for the newspaper reporter theme for the Unit, Industrial Times.

Food for Thought What do you think are the most important advances made during your lifetime? Name something in this room that was not made in a factory. Other than organic things, the students shouldn’t be able to name anything that wasn’t made in a factory. This a real contrast to how people got things prior to the Industrial Revolution.

Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution refers to the developments that changed rural societies into city-centered, industrialized societies

Industrialization The process by which economic activities evolved from producing primary goods to factories that mass produce goods Industrial Revolution – series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Before the IR Industry was dispersed across landscape Less than 10% live in cities Most (75%) lived in small towns or villages in the countryside People made household tools/agricultural equipment in their homes or obtained them in the local village Home-based manufacturing – cottage industry Items were hand made. Items were often exchanged for food from the farms Small scale production Textiles was the main industry While watching the clip, write down advantages/disadvantages of the factory system Consider: Workload, Supervision, Productivity, Social Interaction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dSjcHS_UZA

Family Life: Before Living conditions were hard for most people Most lived in poorly lit cottages with dirt floors / sometimes lived with farm animals Life revolved around the success of the crops. People were malnourished & susceptible to diseases. Life expectancy was about 30-35 years.

Textile Factory Workers in England Spinning Jenny Textile Factory Workers in England

Industrial Revolution Early factories (textiles) built along rivers Steam engine (1769) was the invention that began the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom in the 1700s Steam engine could: Constantly heat ovens Be located away from water source as energy because it ran on coal

Iron Ore to Steel

Steam Locomotive Factory Work Steamship Steam Tractor

Industrialization https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnbNcQlzV-4 Factory system – manufacturing goods in a central location While watching the clip, write down advantages/disadvantages of the factory system Consider: Workload, Supervision, Productivity, Social Interaction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnbNcQlzV-4

Industrial Revolution continued Unprecedented expansion in productivity Substantially higher standards of living Principal cause of population growth in Stage 2 of DTM Resulted not only in industrial transformations but new social, economic and political inventions Gradual diffusion of ideas over time

Urbanization Areas building up with the movement of people to cities

The Industrial Revolution (Cont) labor: Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701) and other developments improved productivity in farming people can leave farms and work elsewhere

Why Britain? Great natural resources Water and coal to fuel machines Iron ore Rivers and Harbors (transportation) Fertile Land Economic stability- strong banks, overseas trading Capital – people have more $ to invest in labor, machines, materials Large labor supply – increase in population of workers Farming = more food = longer lives Entrepreneurs – business people set up industries Political Stability – many wars but none on British soil, successful

Flow of Capital into Europe, 1775-Needed flow of capital in order to fuel the industrial revolution.

Industrial Revolution Phases 1730s to 1860s First Phase -Textiles, Iron Production, Steam Power 1860s to 1914 Second Phase - Steel, Chemicals, Railroads, Gasoline Engine, mass production. Post WWII Third Phase -high technology-computerization, miniaturization, automation Prior to the Ind. Rev. 80% to 90% of all work was done by muscle power. The phrase “Industrial Revolution” was first used by the French in the 1820s to compare the economic changes with the French Revolution. At about the same time as the American Revolution and the French Revolution, Britain was undergoing a dramatic economic revolution-the development of machine power and the factory system. This shift from hand tools to power machinery radically changed techniques of manufacture, the exploitation of natural resources, the distribution of products and the nature of work. The Factory System replaced the cottage system. Originally a factory referred to a place where traders or their agents called “factors” carried on business in a foreign land. By the end of the 19th century it acquired the current usage. The Industrial Revolution made Europe overwhelmingly more powerful than other parts of the world.

Positive Effects Produce goods faster and cheaper / more can afford them Raised the standard of living Healthier diets Better housing (Eventually) Cheaper clothing Expanded Education (Eventually) Shorter Hours, Higher Wages (Eventually) Increased life expectancy (eventually) New jobs Technology Advancements

Impact of Industrialization Rise of local and Global Inequality Class tensions – created a greater wealth gap between people Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries Industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials from less-developed lands Britain, the United States, Russia, and Japan seized overseas colonies for resources and markets ……..Imperialism begins!!!!

What is the hearth? What historic patterns can you identify?

What are the four Major Industrial Regions today? West and Central Europe UK, Germany, Spain North America Northeast, Middle Atlantic, Pittsburgh, Western Great Lakes, Southern California Former Soviet Union - Russia East Asia Japan, South Korea, China

The Paris Basin is the Industrial base of France The Paris Basin is the Industrial base of France. Rouen is at the head of navigation point on the Seine River.

Rotterdam the largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest and busiest ports in the world. Located at the mouth of the Rhine and Maas rivers. Over 50% of goods entering Europe arrive at two ports in the Netherlands (Rotterdam is above)

What can you observe from this map in terms of where the majority of manufacturing takes place? Do you see this changing at all today? Is this at all indicative of anything economic?

Why is the industrial center towards Moscow and not more in the center of the region? Why were people drawn to these locations?

What is so essential about the East Asia manufacturing center? Why is it so successful? Why is it so remarkable that Japan is successful?