Gamaaggama Raawwii hojii Sirna Nyaataa Kan Ji’a Jahaa

Presentation Outline Background Global situation National situation Regional scenario

Background Covers an area of 359,619.8 square KMs Population of 1,173,359 11 Woreda and 1 town administrations 2 Functional Hospitals & 4 Hos. Under construction 55 Health Centres 258 Health Posts PHSC 100 %

Background cont…. WCBA(15-49 yr) = 227,673 NPW = 218,597 PW = 41068 Under 5yrs Children = 192,431 2yr Children = 66,999 Surviving Infant = 37,782

Global Situation 1 billion people+ in the world today- undernourished. 178 million children under 5 years old are stunted, 104 million underweight and 55 million are wasted and 19 million start life with low birth weight each year. 2 billion people - vitamin or mineral deficiency One-third of the 9 million annual child deaths are related to under-nutrition. Lancet nutrition series, 2008/ 13 Under-nutrition is one of the biggest challenges facing the world. Over 1 billion people in the world today are under-nourished. 171 million children under 5 years old are stunted, 104 million underweight and 55 million are wasted and 19 million start life with a low birth weight each year. In total as many as 2 billion people suffer from some form of vitamin or mineral deficiency. It is estimated that one-third of the 9 million annual child deaths are related to under-nutrition. FAO, 2010 Maternal and Child Under nutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences, Lancet series 2008

The National Situation

Context: The State of Nutrition in Ethiopia . 2000 2005 2011 U5 mortality rate (per 1000) 166 133 88 Stunting 57.8 51.5 44.4 Wasting 11 12 9.7 Underweight 42.1 34.9 28.7 Anaemia No data 53.5 44.2 Generally declining, but still relatively alarming Source: EDHS 2000, 2005 and 2011

Trends in nutritional status of children under 5 years of age, DHS Stunting = 44% means 5, 524, 200 children have irreversible damage. 664,000 lives of under-five children will be lost related to stunting productivity loss of 994.6 million US$ (17,903,000,000 Birr) Underweight 29% = 3, 640 950 children with acute and chronic under-nutrition Plus 1,255,500 children wasted regional differences! All in all, we have 10, 420, 650 children with severe disadvantages due to low cognitive behaviour = low school performance frequent diseases more severe longer days bleak adult life = low working capacity, low production = poorest of the poor; plus chronic diseases who will take over to lead the countries as innovative farmers, industrialists, competent teachers & social scientists, water engineers and empowered women or social and economic development for Ethiopia to be a middle- income country. What about our workforce NOW!

Stunting rates across Regional States, EDHS 2011 Tigray; Amhara, Benshangul Gumuz; SNNP and Oromiya – I believe that is where our AGP woredas are. We give prices to farmers for better production and making million birr – I wish we could also acknowledge them when their child has not been undernourished throughout the year!!

Other indicators Nutritional problem 2005 2010/ 11 % Micronutrients Anaemia in Children 54 44 Anaemia in women 15-49 years 27 17 Anaemia in men 15-49 years --- 11 Households consuming iodized salt 4 15 Adult Under-nutrition Women BMI <18.5 kg/m2 Men BMI <18.5 kg/m2 37 Women BMI > 25 kg/m2 6 Men BMI > 25 kg/m2 3 Adult Under-nutrition (aka CED) 27% of women (15-49) are thin or undernourished (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2) = 5 million or 1 in 5 of all ET women 37% of Ethiopian men age 15-49 are thin or undernourished (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2) = 7 million or 1 in 3 of all ET men 6% of women = overweight or obese while 2% men = overweight or obese (BMI 25 kg/m2 or above). One in five woman residing in Addis Ababa and the Dire Dawa region are overweight or obese, compared with 3% in Benishangul-Gumuz and Tigray. In Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa , 12 percent & 10 percent are overweight or obese men respectively, while Amhara region has 1%. National anaemia prevalence in children estimate has dropped by 19 percent in the past six years, from 54 percent in 2005 to 44 percent in 2011 13% of children age 6-23 months living with their mothers consumed foods rich in vitamin A and iron-rich foods households that use iodised salt = 15% The prevalence of any anaemia in women (15 – 49 years) has declined from 27 percent to 17 percent in 2011, = 8,602,823 . Nationally 11% of men 15-49 are anaemic = 9,104,152 . Overall, at total of circa 20 million adults can’t perform well, are easily affected by infections and more importantly the women will have small babies bound to be stunted if they survive the birth (also increasing MMR & IMR) But we can do something, & do it together thru joint discussions, planning, implementation and monitoring to have a synergistic effect. How .... Next slide

Regional Scenario EDHS 2011 Stunting- 41.4% ( 2,217,325 U5Children) this means more than2 out of every 5 children are stunted in the region Underweight -26% (1,406,108 U5Children) Wasting – 9.7% ( 524,587 U5Children) Anaemia in Children – 51.7% Anaemia in women 15-49 years – 19.2% Households consuming iodized salt – 17.4% Women BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (thin) – 26.9% EDHS 2011

Regional Nutritional situations Selected Indicators for nutrition specific interventions DHS data 2000 2005 2011 2014 Undernourished women BMI <18.5 28.7 24.3 26.9 NA Children < 5yrs with anemia 56 51.7 Children stunted 47.2 41 41.4 37 Children under weight 42.4 34.4 26 22 Vitamin A deficiency ??? 61 (National) Exclusive Breast feeding 38.1 (national) 31.6 52

Selected Indicators for nutrition sensitive interventions DHS data 2000 2005 2011 2014 For education ( % of no -Education Female 78.6 66.1 49.4 - Male 60.1 48.1 26.1 % of HH access to improved source of water 18 24 34 % of women make decision based on 3 types of HH decisions % of married women who decided jointly on use of earnings 41.7 54.8 32 51 55.4 % of current employment status 49.6 32.0 41.0 86.3 84.1 80.3 % of child labor 21.9

Trends in nutritional status of children under 5 years of age, in the last 4 DHSs Oromia

So What ??? Why Nutrition Matters ???

Thank you!