Part 2 of the DO NOW PRETEND IT IS THE MID-1600s, YOU’RE READING THE NEWSPAPER AND YOU COME ACROSS THIS POLITICAL CARTOON. WHO DO YOU THINK THE CARTOON IS REPRESENTING? WHAT IS THE MESSAGE IT IS TRYING TO SEND?

Vocabulary Toleration common sabbath Willingness to let others practice their own customs and beliefs common Open field where cattle grazed sabbath Holy day of rest in some religions

DO NOW On your Thirteen Colonies worksheet, group the following states under their proper heading (New England, Middle, or Southern Colonies). Massachusetts, New Jersey, Virginia, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, New Hampshire You are writing these state names under each of the three headings, not on the map itself.

The New England Colonies CHAPTER 4, SECTION 1: The New England Colonies

Vocabulary Town meeting Session in which citizens discuss and vote on local community issues

New England Colonies MIDDLE Colonies SOUTHERN Colonies

Setting the Scene John Winthrop – lawyer, devout* Christian Makes a speech aboard the Arbella on the way to New England: “…we shall be like a city upon a Hill. The eyes of all people are on us.” Winthrop felt they were going to be a shining example for all the world. * devout - Devoted to religion or to the fulfillment of religious obligations

Puritans in Massachusetts Winthrop and his followers were called Puritans. Puritans wanted to reform (not separate from) the Church of England (which was Protestant)

Leaving England 1. Charles I disapproved of the Puritans and their ideas 2. Puritan leaders thought England had fallen on “evil and declining times.” They asked for a charter to leave England. Formed the Massachusetts Bay Company They wanted to build a new society in New England. People joined for religious and economic reasons. Some sought opportunities they couldn’t get in England like cheap land.

Governing the colony Winthrop was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Voting At first, only stockholders in the M.B.C. But non-stockholders wanted a say Then all male church members could run for governor. All male church members could elect representatives to the General Court (assembly) The colony prospered. Great Migration – 15,000 people immigrated from England.

Where is Plymouth, Mass.?

New England Puritans

1   QUESTION: What was the name of the law-making body in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Why do you think the Puritans would allow only male church members to vote? General Court

Settling Connecticut Thomas Hooker Leads 100 people out of the Mass. Bay Colony Felt the leaders had too much power Found Hartford

Connecticut Plan of Government All property-owning men could vote Limited the power of the governor 1662 – Connecticut becomes a separate colony when the King grants them a charter.

THOMAS HOOKER Connecticut

2   QUESTIONS: Do you feel that Thomas Hooker’s ideas for government were more fair than the Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Do you find that they are unfair in any way?

Settling Rhode Island Roger Williams Felt that the Puritan Church held too much power Wanted separation of church and state The role of state is to maintain peace Believed in toleration

Williams Kicked Out Williams is kicked out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony He heads south and starts the Rhode Island Colony In the Rhode Island Colony there is: Complete religious freedom First Jewish temple No state church All white men could vote

Island Rhode Williams Roger

3   QUESTIONS: Which of Roger Williams’ ideas is still used in our government today? Who was allowed to vote in the Rhode Island Colony?

Anne Hutchinson Puritan woman who would attend mass She would give her viewpoint/opinion about the sermon She questioned the authority of Puritan ministers

Hutchinson Put on Trial No one could prove that she broke any laws. Her mistake: She told lawmakers that God spoke directly to her (this went against the Puritan belief that God could only speak through the Bible). Kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Colony Went to Rhode Island She is remembered for her brave stand.

Anne Hutchinson

4   QUESTIONS: If Anne Hutchinson lived today, do you think she would be put on trial? Why or why not? Based on what you’ve read about Puritans, would you say that their religion was too strict? Why or why not?

Conflicts with Native Americans As British settlements spread onto Indian lands, fighting broke out. Chief Metacon of the Wampanoag tribe Leads an Indian raid that leaves 600 English settlers dead and 12 towns destroyed.

The British Retaliate The British capture and kill Metacon for what he had done. 1,000 Natives are rounded up and sold into slavery in the West Indies.

New Hampshire is Formed New Hampshire becomes a colony. The King grants a charter officially making it a colony. It is made up mostly of fishing villages north of Boston.

New England

5   QUESTIONS: Why did Native Americans fight colonists coming over from England? Was the fighting justified for either side? Did the colonists have a right to enslave Indians?

Life in New England Puritans = COMMUNITY = tightly-knit towns Each town had a common at its center with the meeting houses and other buildings around it.

Religion & Family Sunday = SABBATH – a day of rest NO GAMES NO FUN Church service are an all-day event

Religion & Family Children considered “Blessings from God” Average family had 7 – 8 children Life Expectancy – 70 years! New England’s healthy climate

Sabbath

Government Town meetings – the people could speak their minds Strict Puritan Laws 15 laws punished with the death penalty Witchcraft was illegal 20 men and women in Salem were sentenced to death during the Salem Witch Trials.

Meeting House

Rocky soil was poor for farming Economy Rocky soil was poor for farming They grew corn, beans, squash, and pumpkins Forests full of riches Turkeys, deer, hogs Timber/lumber Shipbuilding Sap from sugar maple trees The Atlantic Ocean Fishing – Cod and Halibut Shellfish – lobster and oysters Whales – oil for lamps, ivory, and other products OINK What? Pigs can’t talk? DO YOUR HW!

Hey…you. See any, uh, water near here Hey…you. See any, uh, water near here? I kinda need some water, like, right now.

CAPE COD, MASS.

Questions:   How did the Puritans demonstrate that their Sabbath day was very important? What were some of the advantages to having many children? What were the effect of the New England climate on the average lifespan of people in New England? Explain how farming, the forests, and the sea all played a part in New England’s successful economy. 6

CHAPTER 4, SECTION 1: THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES