ACADEMIC WRITING T6614KA ELINA HALONEN JANUARY 2014

WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH? A GROUP OF SENTENCES RELATED TO ONE ANOTHER BY A SINGLE IDEA OR SUBJECT -> ONE IDEA = ONE PARAGRAPH PARAGRAPHS ORGANIZE MATERIALS AND CONTROL THE VISUAL IMPACT OF THE PAGE ONE PARAGRAPH INCLUDES ALWAYS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE

WHAT IS A SENTENCE? A GROUP OF WORDS, USUALLY INCLUDING A SUBJECT OR A VERB, THAT EXPRESS A STATEMENT, QUESTION OR INSTRUCTION USE CONNECTING WORDS TO LINK YOUR SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPHS

CONNECTING/ LINKING WORDS TO ADD: then, finally, furthermore, moreover, in addition TO COMPARE: whereas, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, on the contrary, after all, by comparison TO PROVE: obviously, evidently, besides, indeed, in fact, in any case TO SHOW EXCEPTION: yet, still, in spite of, despite, however, nevertheless

CONNECTING/ LINKING WORDS TO SHOW TIME: immediately, thereafter, soon, finally, then, later, previously, formerly TO EMPHASIZE: definitely, extremely, absolutely, naturally, always, forever, never, certainly, undeniably, in any case TO SHOW SEQUENCE: first, second, third, finally, consequently, simultaneously

EXERCISE: Which word does not mean the same? For example, eg, in fact, such as In addition, moreover, furthermore, despite Whereas, thus, therefore, consequently Since, although, as, because Yet, but, however, likewise Also, as well, conversely, too Alternatively,finally, lastly, in conclusion

EXERCISE: Use the following words in a sentence FURTHERMORE AS A CONSEQUENCE IN BRIEF DESPITE THEREFORE NEVERTHELESS

REGISTER FORMAL <> INFORMAL WRITTEN <> SPOKEN TECHNICAL LANGUAGE ( JARGON ) SLANG WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMAL AND FORMAL LANGUAGE?

INFORMAL VS FORMAL INFORMAL ENGLISH SHORT, OFTEN FRAGMENTARY SENTENCES SIMPLER VOCABULARY CONTRACTED WORDS PHRASAL VERBS COLLOQUIALISMS & SLANG FORMAL ENGLISH LONG, COMPLEX SENTENCES NO CONTRACTIONS VERY FEW PHRASAL VERBS SOPHISTICATED VOCABULARY PASSIVE VOICE USED MORE OFTEN THAN ACTIVE VOICE

INFORMAL ENGLISH A BIT A LOT / LOTS OF BIG REALLY / PRETTY SORT OF / KIND OF THING WANT

DISCUSSION POINTS OF VIEW CAN BE EXPRESSED CAUTIOUSLY OR STRONGLY AGREEMENT OR DISAGREEMENT CAN BE TOTAL OR PARTIAL: Partial -> but, however, on the other hand Emphatic -> certainly right, completely agree Cautious -> X may be right Disagreement -> I disagree, I don’t agree at all

GROUP DISCUSSION CHOOSE AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: DEATH PENALTY – FOR OR AGAINST? SMOKING – SHOULD IT BE ALLOWED IN PUBLIC PLACES OR BANNED TOTALLY? FREE EDUCATION FOR EVERYONE –WHO’S PAYING? FREE CHOICE -> CHOOSE YOUR OWN TOPIC

IN YOUR GROUP DID YOU CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC BY CONSENSUS? DID EVERYONE CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISCUSSION? DID SOMEONE DOMINATE THE DISCUSSION? DID YOU STICK TO THE TOPIC OR DID YOU GET SIDETRACKED? DID YOU REACH ANY CONCLUSION?