Reconstruction of the Southern States after the Civil War Name _______________________________________ Period 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9 US History + Government / Reconstruction Lesson Day 1-2 December 15-16 Reconstruction of the Southern States after the Civil War had many divisive issues, as Sectionalism (North v South) continued… …while the noble speeches and actions of Abraham Lincoln encouraged forgiveness and healing for the divided nation’s wounds… Radical Republican’s of the Northern States passed three (3) critical Constitutional Amendments #13- #14- #15 … to abolish slavery, protect equal citizenship, allow voting rights Resistance from the Democratic Party in the South and Reactionary forces (KKK, White League, etc…) would oppose plans by Radical Republican Northern Politicians

Military Districts were created during the Reconstruction era to govern the former Confederate States.

The Solid South refers to Southern Democrats who resented Radical Republican Reconstruction and the military enforcement by Union soldiers. The “Strong” Government, 1869–1877 Source: J. A. Wales, Puck, May 12, 1880 (adapted)

President Total Vetoes Vetoes Overridden 2/3 House + Senate The Legislative Process in Action source: US Senate Library (adapted) President Total Vetoes Vetoes Overridden 2/3 House + Senate George Washington 2 James Madison 7 Andrew Jackson 12 John Tyler 10 1 James Polk 3 Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson 29 15 President Andrew Johnson was a Democrat VP for “moderate” Republican Abe Lincoln… … a political fight over Reconstruction would lead to… an impeachment ! 1. According to this table what power can a President use to prevent a bill from becoming a federal law? _________________________________________________________________________ 2. According to this table what power can Congress use to check the power of the President to ensure passage of federal legislation? _______________________________________________________________________

was a US Government agency whose purpose was to help former slaves Source: Thomas Nast Harpers Weekly 14 April 1866 Annotation: President Johnson Vetoed the Freedman’s Bureau Bill based on his views of States’ Rights… evidence of a very contentious relationship with The US Congress. The Freedman’s Bureau was a US Government agency whose purpose was to help former slaves transition to freedom and full citizenship. 3. What is the opinion of cartoonist Thomas Nast regarding Andrew Johnson’s veto of the Freedman’s Bureau funding bill in April 1866 ? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________(1)

Annotation: (context) President Johnson was impeached by the Source: Thomas Nast Harpers Weekly 21 April 1868 Annotation: (context) President Johnson was impeached by the House of Representatives for violating the Tenure of Office Act… passed by Congress over his veto… he was spared removal by only one vote in The US Senate 35-19. (36 guilty votes were needed) POV… President Johnson crushed by the US Constitution… …was Johnson “Big enough” for the Presidency? 4. What is the opinion of cartoonist Thomas Nast regarding Andrew Johnson’s impeachment in 1868? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________(1)

While the political showdown was intense at both the National and State levels…the economic reality for many former slaves… …was Sharecropping + Tenant Farming… …it was very difficult to escape from poverty … Black Codes + Jim Crow Laws maintained social separation … and local communities experienced terror by angry whites hostile toward social change Source: Jas. E. Taylor sketch: Plowing in South Carolina

As this 1874 Reconstruction Era cartoon shows… …Freedmen who attempted to assert their rights to “Equal Citizenship” and Voting rights… …could endure terrible consequences… Grandfather Clauses + Literacy Tests became state laws in the South to silence voting rights and allow even more Jim Crow laws to be passed. The 1896 Plessy v Ferguson US Supreme Court decision would rule racial segregation was LEGAL… …and the promise of Civil Rights for African Americans would be delayed for many generations in America. Thomas Nast. "The Union as it was / The Lost Cause, worse than slavery." Harper's Weekly, v. 18, no. 930 (24 Oct 1874)

Matching Check for Understanding: ____1. Northern Troops occupy former Confederate States to enforce US Government policies was called… ____ 2. After the Civil War many Southern plantation owners responded to the loss of slave labor by hiring… ____ 3. State and local laws passed to maintain racial segregation were referred to as… ____ 4. State and local laws passed to restrict voting rights based on previous conditions of slavery and discrimination included… _________________________________________________________ ____ 5. President Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was based on policies encouraging … ____ 6. Radical Republicans of the North in Congress had plans for Reconstruction based on helping Freedmen and… ____ 7. President Andrew Johnson used his VETO powers so often Radical Republicans tried to remove him from office using… ____8. The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v Ferguson ruled these types of laws were LEGAL based on the US Constitution… Reconstruction Jim Crow / Black Codes Grandfather Clauses / Literacy Tests Sharecroppers / Tenant Farmers ______________________________________ Impeachment Powers Forgiving the Southern Confederates Punishing the Southern Confederates Segregation Laws

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