Chapter 4 European Settlement

New Spain Lesson 1

Building New Spain The colony of New Spain was located in Mexico. It included most of the spanish lands north of the Isthmus of Panama as well as many islands of the Caribbean Sea. People began traveling to New Spain in search of fortunes such as silver and gold. They became colonists. American Indians became enslaved. They were used to mine and to complete services to build their cities.

Building New Spain American Indians were dying of hunger, disease and were being over worked. European settlers had brought diseases such as measles, influenza and small pox. Colonists became concerned about the abuse and treatment of the American Indians.

Building New Spain Bartolome de Las Casas thought enslaving American Indians was wrong. In 1509 he freed his slaves and worked towards getting others to treat them better. Bartoleme spoke to the king of Spain, Charles I. In 1550 it was agreed to abolish the slavery of American Indians.

Building New Spain Many American Indians died, which caused the colonists to bring African Americans to the colony to be slaves. Bartolome did not mind the use of African Americans as slaves. However, Bartolome did regret his decision once he saw that African Americans were working under the same terrible working conditions.

The Spanish Borderlands Other European countries began traveling to America. Spain created a buffer zone which acted as a barrier so others could not get through. The borderlands were created. They stretched across what is now today Mexico and the southern United States (Florida to California.

The Spanish Borderlands Presidios/forts were build for the the settlers to live. A treacherous expedition by Pedro Menendez de Aviles resulted in permanent (long lasting) European settlements. In 1672, the queen of Spain sent money for a strong stone fort to be built so pirates and raiders would not attack. It took 23 years to build.

Ranches & Haciendas Gold and silver became hard to find. Colonists traded with American Indian tribes. The settlers brought horses, which helped American Indians in their travels and during war.

Ranches & Haciendas Haciendas were built for ranchers and colonists to live in. The borderlands became self- sufficient communities. Many large cities began to grow in New Spain.

Missions Spain created the borderlands to protect the empire and expand it’s economy. Missionaries were sent from Spain to spread the word of the Catholic faith. This caused some American Indians to change their faith and traditions. This did not affect all American Indians…

Missions Some Indians fought back. They did not want to turn to the Catholic faith. They destroyed churches and other mission buildings. The Spanish created the “Royal Road” to protect the missionaries.

New France Lesson 2

French Settlement in North America French and American Indians begin trading on the St. Lawrence River King Henry IV decided that anyone that wanted to trade had to build a colony in North America. French merchants jumped at this chance and decided to build a fur trading company.

French Settlement in North America A cartographer name Samuel de Champlain was sent to North America to map the places were beavers could be found. He explored the forests of what is now Eastern Canada and called it “New France” His reports persuaded people to go there.

French Settlement in North America Champlain continues to explore the new lands. He builds a settlement on the St. Lawrence river which once was called Kebec, now called Quebec in 1608.

The Growth of New France The English and Dutch begin to settle in New France. Disagreements over fur trade broke out between the English, Dutch, French and Native Americans. The French fur trade was nearly destroyed by 1660.

The Growth in New France King Louis XIV made New France a royal colony in hopes of rebuilding the French empire. King Louis XIV appointed leaders to live in New France and govern. New land was to be explored, but the French did not know how to get through the deep forests.

The Growth in New France Native Americans helped the French by teaching them how to make Canoes. It was thought that the Northwest Passage could be found in North America. Both the Indians and the French thought they could find it by traveling up the Mississippi River.

Exploring the Mississippi Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet set out to explore north of Lake Michigan. They travel through the Fox river, Wisconsin river and then see the Mississippi river for the first time. When travelling down the river, they noticed it could not be the way to the Northwest passage because it flowed south.

Founding Louisiana “Sir” La Salle explored the Mississippi river. He and his crew ended at the mouth of the Mississippi River by the Gulf of Mexico. They claimed the Mississippi River for France. LaSalle named the entire region found “Louisiana” after King Louis XIV.

Founding Louisiana LaSalle tries to starts a settlement. Disagreements begin and 3 years later a settler kills LaSalle. In 1712 the made Louisiana a “Proprietary Colony”. John Law became the proprietor. The settlement still needed help, which lead to African Americans being used as slaves.

The English in the Americas Lesson 3

England Challenges Spain England is envious of Spain’s treasures. In turn, they capture Spanish treasure ships. Queen Elizabeth I is okay with the English stealing. The government gets a portion of the stolen goods.

England Challenges Spain Francis Drake was a famous Sea Dog. He captured a ship that had so much treasure on it, it took them days to unload it! Francis Drake was the second crew to travel around the world. When he returned, Queen Elizabeth knighted him making him “Sir Francis Drake”.

England Starts a Colony With all of the stolen treasures, the English increased in their wealth. They built a strong navy and a powerful country. With permission from Queen Elizabeth I, a colony was build in North America. Explorers went out to find suitable land for them to live on.

England Starts a Colony 1585 the colonists landed on an islands which the Indians called Roanoke. The colony was under the leadership of Ralph Lane. Colonists build forts and several houses. The ship that had brought the people to Roanoke left and did not bring back food or supplies.

The Lost Colony 1587 a second group of colonists were sent to a colony in Virginia. John White was the governor of this colony. The colonists reached the Roanoke island and quickly rebuilt. They were too late to plant crops so they had to go back to England to get food and supplies.

The Lost Colony John White discovers that after he leaves, he cannot get back because of the war with Spain. When he finally gets back to Roanoke he discovers that everyone is gone. All that is left is some of his books, maps and armor covered with rust. It is rumored that the colonists went to live with the Indians.

The Jamestown Colony Lesson 4

The Founding of Jamestown In 1607 men and boys sailed up a river they called “The James River” to honor their king. They chose a spot and decided to call it Jamestown. This ended up being a poor choice of settlement because of disease (mosquitoes), water was bad and inexperience.

The Founding of Jamestown There ended up being a very bad winter which was called “The Starving Time.” The colonists that were in Jamestown were concerned about getting rich and not concerned about planting crops.

John Smith John Smith establishes a rule that if you don’t work, you don’t eat. Jamestown builds fences to protect themselves from the Indians. The colonists of Jamestown end up stealing crops from the Powhatan Tribe.

John Smith John Smith is captured and threatened to be killed by the Powhatan chief. An Indian, named Pocahontas saves his life. After the capture and release of John Smith, Jamestown still remained a dangerous place to live.

Prosperity & Growth The town of Jamestown really began to prosper once the colonists found “gold”. This gold is not what you think.. It’s a figure of speech. The found a crop called “tobacco” that was as good as gold! The colonists of Jamestown began growing tobacco as a cash crop.

Prosperity & Growth Jamestown continued to proper. The Virginia Company began to give land to colonists who stayed in the colony for seven years. This gave the colonists an opportunity to proper as well. To increase the amount of people staying in Jamestown- the Virginia Company allowed the first women colonists in 1619.

Prosperity & Growth Initially, African Americans were brought to the colony to be paid workers. Shortly after, some of the land owners began enslaving the African Americans. By 1619 there were over 1,000 colonists. A legislature was set up in the colony shortly after.

Prosperity & Growth Virginia’s Legislature was called “The House of Burgess”. This was the first legislature in the English Colonies.

The End of Company Control The colonists had to continue growing their cash crop- tobacco. As a result, they had to clear more land. The Powhatan Indians lost much of their land that they used for hunting. In 1622 the Powhatan’s attacked the colony and killed 340 colonists.

The End of Company Control After the fight, King James took away the “Virginia Company” and made it a royal colony King James appointed a royal governor to represent him. It was instructed that the royal governor meet with the “Hose of Burgess” once a year.

Plymouth Lesson 5

The Mayflower Compact A group called the “Separatists” were concerned that their children were not safe, decided to move to the Americas. They thought that if they moved there, they could learn the English ways and practice their own religion. The Separatists became known as pilgrims.

The Mayflower Compact The Virginia Company agreed that they would pay for the voyage of the Pilgrims. In return, the Pilgrims would send the company furs, lumber and fish. 1620, the Mayflower set sail for the Americas. There were 101 passengers on board.

The Mayflower Compact The Mayflower had a long and terrifying journey! Violent storms lead them to Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The Pilgrims had landed in a place where there was no government. The men, signed a compact, that agreed that “just and equal laws” would be made for the common good of the colony.

The Mayflower Compact The Pilgrims decided on a “self- rule”. Those who signed the compact gave them the right to be a part for making new laws. The “self-rule” also allowed “majority rule” in the colony as well.

Plymouth Colony December 25, 1620 chose Plymouth- named by John Smith. The first winter was very difficult for the colonists. Many became ill and died. The Native Americans came in the spring and helped the colonists.

Plymouth Colony The Pilgrims chose to live in peace with the Native Americans (Wampanoags). Both groups greatly benefited from sharing. When more colonists came over from England, the situation became hostile because the English were not friendly to the Native Americans.

Plymouth Colony Prospers When the colony first began, land was divided evenly and the harvest would be divided equally between every family. 1623, land was divided between the colonists. This encouraged the colonists to work harder because they were able to own their own property.

Plymouth Colony Prospers Colonists began to prosper with fishing and fur trading. Vegetables, milk, meat and fruit was also sold. 1691, Plymouth became a part of the Massachusetts Bay colony.