TOPIC: The Nervous System AIM: How does the Nervous System help maintain Homeostasis? HW: TEXT BOOK READ PAGES 558-562. Do Vocabulary Definitions for words on page 558

Background Information Neuron = a nerve cell Impulse = messages sent by nerve cells Voluntary = have conscious control over Involuntary = do not have conscious control over

What is the function of the Nervous System? A system that conducts impulses to CONTROL and COORDINATE body activities. Life Function associated with the Nervous system is REGULATION.

Organization of Nervous System Nerves, which make up nervous systems, are organized in the following way…

Peripheral Nervous system Central Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System However, not all organisms have all of these divisions/systems. And the Central nervous System controls the peripheral nervous system. Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic Division

Central Nervous System (CNS) What are the components of the CNS and How do they work together to maintain homeostasis? Components: Brain and Spinal Cord Send, receive, and process messages from the Peripheral NS

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) What are the components of the PNS and How do they work together to maintain homeostasis? Nerves that connect the CNS with the rest of an organism’s body.

Information Processing: Typical Nerve Pathway Sensory input Integration (brain analyzes) Sensory neurons transmit info from external stimuli or internal stimuli to CNS. Then interneurons intergrate(analyze and interpret) the info then sends a response of some sort to the effector cells (muscle cells or endocrine cells) via motor neurons. Motor output

Somatic Nervous System What are the components of the Somatic NS and How do they work together to maintain homeostasis? Nerves that regulate voluntary functions. SNS carries signals to and from skeletal muscles, mainly in response to EXTERNAL stimuli. Consideredl voluntary movement. Much of skeletal muscle activity, however, is controlled by reflexes.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) What are the components of the Automatic NS and How do they work together to maintain homeostasis? ANS controls the INTERNAL environment. Generally involuntary and is made up of three divisions (as previously mentioned). Nerves that control all involuntary functions

Sympathetic Division How does the Sympathetic Division regulate body activities? Slows down body functions Rest and Digest!! Basically, this division is activated when you get excited. Adrenaline is released and digestion is also stopped.

Parasympathetic Division How does the Parasympathetic Division regulate body activities? By speeding up body activities Fight or flight Can function by itself but is usually controlled by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

Information Processing: Typical Nerve Pathway Sensory input Integration (brain analyzes) Sensory neurons transmit info from external stimuli or internal stimuli to CNS. Then interneurons intergrate(analyze and interpret) the info then sends a response of some sort to the effector cells (muscle cells or endocrine cells) via motor neurons. Motor output

How does the Nervous system function to maintain Homeostasis? Answer on separate sheet of loose leaf and leave on desk upon Exit. How does the Nervous system function to maintain Homeostasis?

TOPIC: NERVOUS SYSTEM Aim: How does a neuron conduct an impulse? Do Now: Handout: Vocabulary Map: NUERON HW: Page 552 in Text Book Vocabulary Definitions

General Neuron Axon Dendrites Myelin sheath Cyton Synaptic terminal Dendrites receive information from connected neurons. Axon hillocks are where singals that travel down the axon are generated. Axons transmits signals to other cells. Myelin sheaths enclose axons. Synaptic terminals are where the axon splits off and gives the information to another neuron/cell. (where the entire process begins again within another neuron) ALSO, glia, or supporting cells, helps glue together the neuron and helps neurons function normally. Axon Terminals Synapse

YouTube - The Human Body: Nervous System (2nd Ed., Rev.) (clip)

Vocabulary: Parts of a Neuron Dendrites: Receive impulses and direct them toward the cyton. Cyton: Cell Body – conducts impulses from dendrites to axon Axon: Transmits impulses from cyton to terminal branches at Synapse.

Parts continued Myelin Sheath: Fatty covering on Axon that helps speed up impulse conduction. Axon Terminals: Where the axon ends and the neurotransmitters are secreted.

THE SYNAPSE

YouTube - Neural Synapse

The Synapse: Gap Between neurons The following occurs at the synapse: Neurotransmitters are secreted from axon terminals to transmit impulses across the synapse to the dendrites of the next neuron.

Neurotransmitters Chemicals secreted to transmit impulses across a synapse. They have specific shapes and only receptors of the same shape will accept them. Handout: Activity - Synapse

TOPIC: NERVOUS SYSTEM AIM: How do different types of neurons function to conduct impulses?

Three types of neurons Sensory Inter or Associative Motor Handout for Notes

Sensory Neurons: Transmit impulses from your senses into the CNS. Where are Sensory Neurons located? In the CNS or PNS?

Inter Neurons: Associative Neurons between Process impulses from the sensory neurons and send impulses to the motor neurons. Where are Inter neurons located?

Motor Neurons Transmit impulses from the Inter neurons to the muscles, glands, or organs that will be producing the response. Where are the Motor Neurons located? NEW VOCAB WORD: EFFECTOR The muscles, glands, or organs producing the response.

YouTube - Central Nervous System, Reflex Arc

On Loose Leaf Describe the path of an impulse through the three types of neurons. What is the difference between a regular reaction and a reflex? HW: Worksheet

Review MovieSource: The Nervous System

TOPIC: Nervous System AIM: How do the parts of the Brain help maintain homeostasis? DO Now: Worksheet HW: STUDY FOR QUEST on Nervous System and Midterm Finish Flip Books

The Cerebrum Characteristics: * Largest part of the Brain * Divided into hemispheres (Right & Left) The Cerebrum Controls all voluntary activities. These include: movement, speaking and language, memory, and senses.

The Cerebellum Second largest part of the Brain. The Cerebellum regulates Balance and Coordination of movements.

The Medulla Also known as the BRAINSTEM It becomes continuous with the spinal cord Regulates all Involuntary Activities such as heart rate, breathing rate, etc. Human’s biological clock regulates hormone release, hunger, and levels of heightened sensitivity.

Video Clip : The story of Phineus Gage

Nervous System Diseases and Disorders Schizophrenia Depression Alzheimer’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Schizophrenia is characterized by psychotic episodes in which patients loose the ability to distinguish reality. Depression is broken down into bipolar disorder and major depression. Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings. Patients with major depression have a low mood most of the time Alzheimer’s disease is mental deterioration characterized by confusion and memory loss. Parkinson’s disease is a motor disorder characterized by difficulty in initiating movements, slowness of movement, and rigidity.