MONOCOTS / DICOTS / XYLEM / PHLOEM OH MY!!!! Plant Anatomy

Plant Anatomy Basic Plant Anatomy Roots Shoots Leaves

Roots Three Types of Roots Fibrous: i. characteristic of monocots, ii. mat of thin roots that spread laterally Tap: i. characteristic of dicots ii. one central root with some small laterals Adventitious: develop during root layering

Roots Plant Anatomy Three Types of Roots Fibrous: (1) i. characteristic of monocots, ii. mat of thin roots that spread laterally Tap: (2) i. characteristic of dicots ii. one central root with some small laterals Adventitious: develop during root layering 2 1

Root Hairs Root Hairs: Function? increase surface area of root mass for more absorption surfaces for nutrient and water absorption analogous structure on us would be villi of small intestine.

Plant Anatomy Roots root tips root hairs Shoots nodes: location of leaf attachment to stem i. internodes: area between nodes buds: undeveloped shoot from which embryonic leaves or flowers develop

Shoots Shoots nodes: location of leaf attachment to stem 1 i. internodes: area between nodes buds: undeveloped shoot from which embryonic leaves or flowers develop i. terminal or apical buds (1) ii. axillary or lateral (2) iii. flower (3) and leaf buds 1 3 2

Stolons (bermuda grass) Modified Shoots Stolons (bermuda grass) Rhizomes (Iris) Tubers (Potatos) Bulb (Tulip)

Are all of these structures Plant Anatomy Roots root tips root hairs Shoots nodes i. internodes buds: i. terminal ii. axillary iii. flower and leaf Leaves mesophyll tissue veins Are all of these structures LEAVES?

Leaves: Function What is the function of LEAVES? Photosynthesis i. conversion of light energy into chemical energy Gas exchange i. CO2 and water vapor Transpiration i. loss of water from plant through stomatas

Simple and Compound Leaves Leaves: Kinds Simple and Compound Leaves

Leaves: Modified Colored Leaves Tendrils Succulents Spines

Leaves: Tissue Structure

Interdependent System Shoots and Roots: Interdependent System Both Systems depend on each other: Shoots i. depend on water and nutrients absorb by roots Roots i. depend on the sugars produced by photosynthetic factories (leaves) Sugars Water and Nutrients

Plant Tissues Three Types of Plant Tissue Dermal i epidermis “ plant skin” ii. Protective layer of tightly packed cells Vascular i. transport system in shoots and roots a. xylem and phloem Ground i. most of the plants tissue composition ii. photosynthetic mesophyll and storage

Ground Tissue Cells Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma “typical” plant cells = least specialized photosynthetic cells, storage cells tissue of leaves, stem, fruit, storage roots Collenchyma unevenly thickened primary walls support Sclerenchyma very thick, “woody” secondary walls rigid cells that can’t elongate dead at functional maturity

Parenchyma Parenchyma cells are unspecialized, thin, flexible & carry out several metabolic functions i. all other cell types in plants develop from parenchyma

Collenchyma Collenchyma cells have thicker primary walls & provide support help support without restraining growth remain alive in maturity

Sclerenchyma Thick, rigid cell wall Cells for support lignin (wood) cannot elongate mostly dead at maturity Cells for support xylem vessels xylem tracheids fibers rope fibers sclereids nutshells seed coats grittiness in pears

Vascular Tissue iii. only cell walls remain Xylem Function i. transportation of water and minerals up from roots ii. at maturity cell are dead iii. only cell walls remain iv. empty pipes for water movement v. transpirational tug: capillarity (what kind of attraction?) Structure i. tracheids ii. vessel elements vessel elements tracheids

Vascular Tissue: Phloem Phloem Function transport sugars and nutrient throughout the plant

Vascular Tissue: Phloem sieve tube elements & companion cells Phloem Structure sieve tube elements & companion cells

Vascular Tissue: Phloem Phloem Structural Characteristics living cells at maturity a. cell membrane and cytoplasm i. control diffusion b. lose their nucleus, vacuoles and ribosomes i. adaptive structure to serve function better cells a. sieve tubes i. sieve plates: end plates that are porous that for the passage of fluids between cells b. companion cells i. nucleated cell connected to sieve tubes ii. assist sieve tubes

Dicots: Trees and Shrubs Monocots: Grasses and Lilies Vascular Tissue: Stems Dicots: Trees and Shrubs Monocots: Grasses and Lilies

Vascular Tissue: Dicot Roots

Vascular Tissue: Monocot Roots

Plant Growth Animation Acting as One Plant Growth Animation

Acting as One Don’t be a vegetable Ask some questions!!!!!!!