History of Neurology Early New York Neurology – Part I Sequin, Starr, Dana, Sachs & The Neurologic Institute of New York Richard J. Barohn, MD Gertrude and Dewey Ziegler Professor of Neurology The University of Kansas Medical Center

Edward Constant Séquin, MD 1843-1898 B. Paris, son of physician Edouard Séquin 1850 - Father moved them to Ohio 1864 – MD at College of Physicians and Surgeons in NY 1865-1867 - Military service in Little Rock & New Mexico 1869-1870 – Paris with Brown-Séquard & Charcot to study diseases of nervous system 1870 – Chair of Diseases of Nervous System at College of Physicians & Surgeons Contributions: Autopsy of Multiple Sclerosis Spastic Paraplegia Introduction of medical thermometry Leader in foundation of the Neurology department of Vanderbilt Clinic, College of P&S, Director Important place of training for neurologists and medical students until it closed in 1929 when College of P&S entered the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center Editor of many journals, one with Brown-Séquard Founded Origins Neurology in NYC with Hammond Edward Constant Séquin, MD 1843-1898

Moses Allen Starr, MD 1854-1932 B. Brooklyn, NY 1876 – BA; Princeton, NY 1880 – MD; College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY Residency; Bellevue Hospital Studied Abroad: Heidelberg – Wilhelm Erb & Friedrich Schultze Vienna – Theodor Meynert & Hermann Nothnagel Paris – Jean-Martin Charcot 1882-1889 – Professor of nervous disease; New York Polyclinic 1889-1917 – Chair of nervous disease, College of P&S (succeeded Séquin) Lived and worked on upper East Side NYC 1896 – President of ANA Contributions: Sensory tracts localization in CNS Apraxia Localization of brain tumors Polyneuritis Books: Lectures on Diseases of the Mind (1891) Lecture on Disease of the Nervous System (1891) Familiar Forms of Nervous Disease (1903) Organic and Functional Nervous Diseases (1913); 10 editions New York Neurology Triumvirate: Starr, Dana, Sachs Moses Allen Starr, MD 1854-1932

Moses Allen Starr M.D. Books

Charles Loomis Dana, MD 1852-1935 B. Vermont; Dartmouth in 1872 MD 1878 at College of P&S; intern at Bellevue Hospital (Flint, Janeway) Professor of Diseases of the Nervous System and Mind at the New York Post-Gradudate Hospital (1884-1895) Professor of Nervous Diseases at Cornell Medical College (1902-1934) President of ANA (1892 & 1928) Contributions: Brain damage in alcohol Transverse myelitis Spinal nerve relief section for pain spastic paralysis Books Text Book of Nervous Disease and Psychiatry for the Use of Students and Practitioners of Medicine - 1892; 10 editions Charles Loomis Dana, MD 1852-1935

Early New York Neurology Charles Loomis Dana M.D. (1852-1935) Charaka Club & Proceedings of the Charaka Club Founded with Collins, Sachs, Peterson 1892-1947 Literary society of physicians: presented papers on philosophy, ancient medicine, history & literary aspects of medicine Members: Mitchell, Pearce Bailey, Smith Ely Jeliffe, Foster Kennedy, John Shaw Billings, Fielding Garrison, and Harvey Cushing. Osler was an honorary member Originally called the Medico-Historical Club because the founders were seriously interested in the historical, literary and artistic aspects of medicine Changed its name to The Charaka Club in 1900

What does Charaka mean? Type of drink in NYC Type of dance Sanskrit name of a Doctor Type of medical instrument Answer: C - Sanskrit name of a Doctor The most ancient and complete works shown in existence were those of Charaka (Sanskrit Caraka, c 600 BC) who has been labeled by some historians as the Father of Medicine

B. in Baltimore; Harvard 1878 (influenced by William James) Medical school Strasbourg (1882) Studied with Meynert (Vienna), Jackson (London), Charcot (Paris), and Westphal (Berlin) Practiced neurology at Mount Sinai Hospital, NYC Translated Meynert’s Text of Psychiatry President ANA, 1894 & 1932 Dept. of Neurology at MT Sinai, established 1890 Sachs head On Arrested Cerebral Development with Special Reference to Its Cortical Pathology (1887) Tay in England described ocular blindness Professor of Nervous and Mental Dis.; New York Polyclinic until 1925 Professor of Clinical Neurology; Columbia (1933) Director of Division in Child Neurology; New York Neurology Institute (1934) Books: Nervous disease of Children (1894) Nervous and Mental Disorders from Birth Through Adolescence (1926) Bernard Sachs, MD 1858-1944

Neurologic Institute of New York Founded in 1909 by Pearce Bailey, Joseph Collins, Joseph Fraenkel, and Neurosurgeon Charles Elsberg Dana and Sachs – Consultants 1909 Letter from Dr. Collins: “Dr. Joseph Fraenkel and I have for a long time been nurturing plans for the establishment in New York of a small hospital for the study and treatment of nervous diseases, particularly the so-called functional varieties including brief and curable mental disorders” Then: Frederick Peterson, Ramsay Hunt, Foster Kennedy, Smith Ely Jeliffe, Frederick Tilney 1929 moved to 168th and Fort Washington Ave. Became affiliated with the College of P&S of Columbia Univ. and the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center

Neurologic Institute of New York Founders: Pearce Bailey, MD Joseph Collins, MD Joseph Fraenkel, MD Charles Elsberg, MD

Other Early New York Neurologist Smith Ely Jeliffe (1866-1944) 1889 College of Physicians & Surgeons; 1900 PhD from Columbia President of NY Psychiatric Society, NY Neurological Society, & American Psychopathological Association Diseases of the Nervous System: A text book of Nervous and Mental Diseases – 1915 James Ramsay Hunt (1878-1937) Studied under Mills Studied in Europe: Oppenheim, Marie, Dejerine, & Babinski 1900 - Cornell with Dana 1907 - Herpetic inflammation of the geniculate ganglion 1910 - College of P&S until retirement Frederick Tilney (1876-1938) The Brain and Functions of the Central Nervous System - 1920 The head of Neurological Institute 1920- 1930