4-3: Struggling Toward Saratoga

1. The Battle of New York 1776 Who won? What were the results? The British What were the results? The British captured New York The Continentals were demoralized More than half of the Continental Army deserted, were captured, or were killed Why did they win? Their large well-trained forces outnumbered the Continental Army

2. The Battle of Trenton What were the results? The Americans took the garrison at Trenton Many Continentals reenlisted; American Morale rose Who won? The Americans Why did they win? They attacked during a storm on Christmas Night They took the over confident Germans by surprise

3. The Battle of Philadelphia Who won? The British What were the results? The British captured Philadelphia which was the American capital The Continental Congress was forced to flee The British forces wintered comfortably Why did they win? The British were better prepared and the British forces outnumbered the Colonials

Who won? The Battle of Saratoga The Americans What were the results? British war strategy changed to keeping troops near the coastline The Continentals saw that they could beat the British British confidence was damaged France was convinced to support the Americans openly Why did they win? Britain’s General Burgoyne underestimated the difficulties of fulfilling his plan of attack General Howe’s forces failed to aid Burgoyne Burgoyne’s forces were weakened by hunger and exhaustion

1b. What were some of the hardships that Colonial soldiers faced? Remaining clothed; keeping fed; staying warm and healthy The difficulties of having to provide their own housing Keeping their spirits up

2b. What were some of the hardships members of Congress faced Financing the war; battling inflation Equipping the army; fighting profiteers Negotiating with France

3b. What were some of the hardships civilians faced? Many women whose husbands marched off to war stepped in to run the family farm or business Other women followed their husbands to the battlefield and washed, mended and cooked for the troops Some women joined the war effort by making ammunition 5000 African Americans served in the army

Valley Forge The place where Washington’s army spent the winter of 1777-1778. The soldiers suffered from hunger and frostbite. More than 2000 soldiers died

Inflation Inflation: A rise in the price of goods. The more money the Congress printed, the less it became in worth In New York, for example, the price of beef and sugar doubled in one three-month period

Profiteering Profiteering: Selling goods that are difficult to come by for a profit Some corrupt government officials took part in selling hard to find weapons and goods for a high price