IoT Intensive Smart Cities Enable Innovative Engineering Industries Raj Reddy Carnegie Mellon University Nov 1, 2016 Keynote Speech at International Forum on Innovation and Emerging Industries Development (IEID), Shanghai, China on Nov 1, 2016

The Vision Innovation is the Basis of New Economy and New Business Creation Information Technology the Primary Engine that is Fueling Innovation Today The Key Technology Trends in IT are Around Internet of Things (IoT) Smart Cities Innovative Engineering Industries are Expected to Emerge Around IoT and Smart Cities This is a Review of Options in These Areas

Internet of Things (IoT) What is IoT? Permits interacting with Objects Not Just People Imagine if you can talk to your Farm, Car, or House instant Status Reports Permit Quick Reaction and Resolution Before Situation Can Gets Explosive Anomaly Detection and Rapid Reaction Essential Part of IoT Every Aspect of People, Places and Things within a City is Knowable and Actionable instantaneously Innovative Industries Providing IoT-based Product and Services? A Fully Connected Society will Create a Frictionless Economy Where There are No Delays, Wasted Effort, and Shortages of Essential Goods and Services. Government must Provide Application Specific Affordable Kits

Role of IoT Within A Smart City Rapid Response to Problems Within a City by Effective Use of IoT. Monitor, Diagnosis, and Resolve Day-to-Day Problems Rapid Detection and Repair of Breakdowns and interruption of Essential Services Power Grid Transportation and Traffic Management Water Consumption Health Epidemics Food Prices Homelessness, Mental Health and Suicides

Types of Societal Disruptions Extreme Weather Heat/Drought Hurricanes/Typhoons/Cyclones Winter Storm Flooding Rains/Seasonal Tsunami Earthquakes Fires Health/Environmental Man-made Accidents Malicious Pests Volcanoes

Proposed Approach Societies Must Organize to Deal With Scarcity of Products and Disruption of Services by Creating Instant Administration, Instant Infrastructure, and Instant Supply-chain. Reducing losses through Modeling Analysis Education, Outreach, and Advisories Response Assistance and Coordination Creating solutions for Prevention Prediction Response Recovery

Attributes of Disruptions Lives Lost Economic Impact Direct Losses Response Indirect Primary (output reduction, etc.) Secondary (productivity, fiscal, etc.) Warning/Lead Times Geographic coverage Risk mitigation options Response requirements

Organizing Rapid Response to Disruption of Products and Services Society Needs to Create Rapid Response Methodologies, Products, and Solutions by Effective Use of Information Technology The Challenge is to Provide The Right Information To The Right People At the Right Time In The Right Language At The Right Level Of Detail by creating a world-class technology for monitoring, analysis and diagnosis, and response to natural and man-made disasters

Current Limitations Jurisdictional, hierarchy and coordination issues Most resources and responsibilities are local Few integrated solutions Need to span analysis, prevention, and response Must be interdisciplinary information management challenges “Best Practices” and state of knowledge often reactive or static May be unknown, ignored, or not incident-relevant Responding to disasters Who knows what, where, when, what detail, etc.? Is the information relevant, timely, trustworthy, actionable?

Action Items Preparedness Assessment “Maturity Models” Equivalent Develop And Disseminate Best Practices Monitor And Communicate Disaster Information Design Solutions For Managing And Responding To Disasters Instant Infrastructure Instant Bureaucracy Instant Supply Chain

Instant Infrastructure Needs: Instant Infrastructure Needs: Short-term (survival) Long-term (rebuilding and/or migration) Instant: When you need, you have it Food Water Shelter Healthcare/medicines Energy Communications Law & Order Transportation and Machinery Robotic and other rescue Evacuation Commercial and governmental activities Continuity Special Issues, e.g., National Security Sovereignty Profiteering concerns Pets Interdependencies

Instant Administration Need: Rapid decision-making framework and authority Responders Can Be Local, Regional, National, or Global Military Forces, Civilian Contractors, Volunteers, Etc. Must Share Information and Manage Interactions Large Need for Standards, Schemas, Etc.

Instant Supply Chain Need: Optimize flow of goods and services (and information) Meet needs of survivors and responders Modular and “drop-in” solutions Predefined and predetermined service providers Advanced IT, databases, and communications Matching supplies with demands in (near) real-time E.g., RFIDs, sensor networks, etc.

Necessary Infrastructure in A Smart City Connectivity: Balloon, Solar Drones or Satellite Wi-Fi Connectivity Computing: Smart Phones and iPads Smart Phone/Tablet for Everyone Reliable Energy Sources Digital Literacy Technologies for Monitoring, Diagnosis and Repair of Essential Goods and Services Food Energy Water  Medical Supplies Agriculture Transportation Healthcare  Sanitation Education Telecom Shelter/Housing Entertainment Banking Shopping

Observations IoT Enables interaction with inanimate Objects IoT Provides Access to information and Knowledge Previously inaccessible IoT is the Next Big Thing That Will Transform Lives If you can measure it, you can improve it Societal: Early Warning Systems on Cyclones, Tsunamis, tornados Personal: Entertainment, Education, Health, Communication Economic: Alerts on Job Postings, Deadlines, Market Prices Government must Provide Plug and Play Affordable Kits to Users individuals cannot be Expected to Master the Hardware, Software and Customization of IoT Technologies, and IoT Literacy Video Training Programs for Each Application

Conclusions Disruption Will Happen From Time to Time in All Societies. Rapid Response to Such Dislocations Will Be An Essential Feature of Future Technologically Advanced Communities. Societies Must Organize to Deal With Scarcity of Products and Disruption of Services by Creating Instant Administration, Instant Infrastructure, and Instant Supply-chain. IoT Enabled Monitoring, Diagnosis, and Repair Will Be The Foundational Elements of All Such Solutions Requiring Innovative Engineering Industries That Self-organize to Provide Autonomic Response and Solutions In The Future, Emerging Industries Will Develop Around Smart Cities to Provide IoT Enabled Autonomic Response to Scarcity and Disruption. Smart Cities and Smart Villages Need to Evolve Industries That Provide Such Autonomic Response.