ICTs in Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Response Poonam Pokhrel Chanrd Bilash Bhurtel Saroj Ghimire Sanjay Kumar Tiwari Group 6

DISASTER Earthquake Drought Flood Snake bites Landslides Soil erosion Avalanches Fire (wild and artificial) Glacial lake outburst Flood (GLOF) Hailstorms Thunderstorms Epidemic disease and infections, etc Lightning

Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster.  The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction describes it as: the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events. UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2007

NEPAL In the top 20th list of the most multi-hazard prone countries in the world. Stand 4th in Climate Change Vulnerability Stand 11th in Earthquake Vulnerability Stand 30th in Water Induced disaster line Flood. Global hotspots for geographical and climatic hazards. Other major disasters in Nepal are landslide, fire, drought, epidemic, storm, hailstorm, avalanches, glacier lake out burst flood. (UNDP/ BCPR, 2004 -> Stand 4th in Climate Change Vunerability, Stand 11th in Earthquake Vunerability, Stand 30th in Water Indused disaster line Flood Source: NEOC, MOHA

Incidents

Incidents in Data Table 1: Incident Reports of Apr 14, 2016 to July 15, 2017 Fire 1386 Flood 199 Landslides 229 Wind Storm 58 Epidemic 6 Other 393 Source:- http;//drrportal.gov.np/reports (accessed July, 2017

Table 2: Incident Reports of Apr 14, 2016 to July 15, 2017 Loss of life Missing Injured 2271 454 53 863 : http://drrportal.gov.np/reports (accessed July, 2017) http://drrportal.gov.np/reports (accessed July, 2017)

Table 3: Incident Reports of Apr 14, 2016 to July 15, 2017 Families House Damages Cattle Shed Cattle Loss Partial Full 2271 11962 910 2097 630 6427 Source: http://drrportal.gov.np/reports (accessed July, 2017)

ICT IN DISASTER Understanding disaster risk Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to ‘Build Back Better’ in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. These priorities area should manage appropriately with capacity and capability aligned with laws and regulations According to Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030

Legal and Policy Framework on DRM Natural Calamity (Relief ) Act, 1982 Local Self‐government Act, 1999 devolution of responsibility and authority for DM at the local level‐ DDC, Municipality& VDC. National Strategy on Disaster Risk Management, 2009 National Disaster Response Framework, 2013 Guidance Note on Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning, 2011 National Strategic Action Plan for Search and Rescue, 2014 District Disaster Preparedness and Response Plans DM Act 2063 for an effective DRM effort (pending) DM Act for an effective DRM effort which would prioritize DRM across government sectors and levels, with a proposed Disaster Management Council chaired by the Prime Minister. Under it, there will be a National Disaster Management Centre as a dedicated institution. After the endorsement of the Disaster Management Bill, it is hoped that, a National Council for Disaster Management chaired by the Prime Minister will be fully functional. Furthermore, there is a high level Climate Change Council under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister already in place. The establishment and institutionalization of an authentic and open DRM System, GIS based Disaster Information Management System will be strengthened. Collected information through this system will inform decision-making for risk reduction and preparedness in a more effective manner. Finally, in order to strengthen cross-sectoral planning and coordination in the field of DRR, DRR and CRM focal points have been established in key agencies. These focal points work in a harmonized manner to ensure that Disaster and climate change risk reduction mainstreamed within respective ministries.

Finding Lack of Disaster Response laws Lack of coordination among governmental agencies Proper Coordination among local authorities Adequate and accurate use of information dissemination

Conclusion Importance of ICTs in Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Response as one of the major agenda for developing and implementing policies which should act to minimize the casualties of disaster should be realized. Finalize DM Act 2063, which is still pending under cabinet and implement accordingly. DM Policy has guided some organizational frameworks which can manage financial sources by utilizing funds from government, donor agencies, microfinance, lending, taxes and saving schemes as well as bonds etc. DM policy also state about skilled search and rescue (SAR) human resources through building knowledge base and empowering skill level trainings and school education.

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