Statewide Compliance Monitoring and Local Monitoring Projects Overview of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Air Monitoring Operations and Local Monitoring Projects

Purpose for Compliance Monitoring Determine Compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Provide Design Value data for State Implementation Plans (SIPs) Evaluate air quality data for trends Public Notification Provide data to other programs Enforcement Emergency Response Air Quality Evaluation/Risk Assessment

Compliance Air Monitoring Network Measure criteria pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, PM2.5 and Pb), air toxics, ozone precursors, elements and meteorology >100 monitors at 33 stations Monitors for comparison to NAAQS must be approved by EPA (Federal Reference or Federal Equivalent Methods) Operate Monitors according to regulations in 40 CFR 50, 53, 58

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Pollutant Primary/ Secondary Averaging time Level Form Carbon Monoxide (CO) Primary 8 Hour 9 ppm Not to be exceeded more than once per year 1 hour 35 ppm Lead (Pb) Primary and Secondary Rolling 3 month period 0.15 μg/m3 Not to be exceeded Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1 Hour 100 ppb 98th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations, averaged over 3 years Secondary 1 Year 53 ppb Annual Mean Ozone (O3) Primary and Secondary 0.070 ppm Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour concentration, averaged over 3 years Particulates (PM) PM2.5 12.0 μg/m3 Annual Mean Averaged Over 3 Years 15.0 μg/m3 24 Hours 35 μg/m3 98th percentile, Averaged Over 3 Years PM10 150 μg/m3 Not To Be Exceeded More Than Once Per Year On Average Over 3 Years Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 75 ppb 99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations, averaged over 3 years 3 hours 0.5 ppm Criteria pollutant have health standards NAAQS O3 revised 2015

2015 New Jersey Air Monitoring Network About 40 sites. Some sites measure many pollutants, some sites only measure 1 pollutant. 22 Continuous sites – collect CO, NO2, O3, SO2 and the data is transmitted to a data acquisition system every minute. 18 Particulate site – collect particles on a filter, and we have staff that collect the filter and bring them back to a laboratory in Trenton where they are weighed.

Cost of Compliance Station Equipment Cost Other Carbon Monoxide (CO) $14,000 Electricity Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 16,000 Data Plan Ozone (O3) 13,000 Labor: 0.1 FTE/monitor Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Supplies Fine Particles (PM2.5) 18,000 Rent Calibration System 20,000 Data Logging System 5,000 Shelter 30,000 TOTAL EQUIPMENT $129,000

Quality Assurance Requirements Measurement Objectives – monitor detection limits, % valid data, precision and accuracy Routine Quality Control – zero checks, mid and upper level checks Independent Audits – separate from Routine QC Traceability of Standards – comparison to Primary Standards EPA Oversight - Quality Assurance Program Plan Annual EPA Performance Audits Annual Network Reviews with EPA 5-Year Technical Systems Audits

New Jersey Air Monitoring Website: www.njaqinow.net Dots represent current air quality – green: good, yellow: moderate, orange: unhealthy for sensitive groups, red: unhealthy for general population.

Bureau of Air Monitoring Main Office: 401 E. State, Trenton Technical Center: 380 Scotch Rd., W. Trenton Certify QC and Audit Standards Operate PM2.5 Filter Weighing System Test, Configure, Calibrate, Troubleshoot, Repair, Refurbish Samplers and Analyzers Maintain Inventory of Parts and Supplies Configure and Test Data Loggers and Communication Devices Staff Training

Recent Local Monitoring Projects 2012-Present EPA Region 2 Provided Funding NJDEP provided Project Management and Additional Technical Support 4 Student-focused Projects 3 Black Carbon 1 Ground-level Ozone 2 Community-based Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Sampling Projects in Newark’s Ironbound neighborhood

Student and Community Projects Student Air Monitoring Project Lesson in Elizabeth (SAMPLE) Student Air Monitoring Project (SAMP) South Ward Air Monitoring (SWAM) Students Monitoring for Ozone at Ground-Level (SMOG) Citizen Air Monitoring Project Ironbound Newark (CAMPIN) Follow-up Air Sampling of Toxics During Odors in Ironbound, Newark (FASTDOIN)

Summary of Local Projects Name of Project Type Pollutant Cost Funding Source SAMPLE Student Black Carbon $65,000 EPA SAMP $96,000 SWAM $46,000 SMOG O3 $71,000 CAMPIN Community VOC $210,000 FASTDOIN $75,000

Student Air Monitoring Project Lesson in Elizabeth (SAMPLE) NJDEP contracted with Elizabeth community group, Future City Inc. (FCI), to help implement project Contract with UMDNJ for technical support FCI recruited 15 students for an after-school program Focus on participation, the scientific method, environmental issues, and conducting experiments Students took traffic counts, and measured black carbon and meteorological conditions in 2012

Student Air Monitoring Project (SAMP) NJDEP sought open competitive bids for developing an educational module Recruited 5 schools to implement and test project Students measured black carbon using hand-held instruments Product: Web-based program that can be implemented by any interested party, with focus on schools NJDEP lends out microaetholometers to schools & other groups

South Ward Air Monitoring (SWAM) In-school project, similar to SAMPLE NJDEP contracted directly with the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey 9th graders in a “Critical Thinking” class at Central High School in South Ward, Newark Students performed air sampling for black carbon at three locations in Newark Students took a field trip to EOHSI to talk with researchers and tour research labs

Students Monitoring for Ozone at Ground-Level (SMOG) NJDEP contracted with Elizabeth community group, Future City Inc. (FCI), to help implement project FCI recruited 15 students for an after-school program Students measured ozone concentrations and meteorological conditions in April 2015 Focus on participation, the scientific method, environmental issues, and conducting experiments Prepared final reports and presented results at NJDEP

Citizen Air Monitoring Project Ironbound Newark (CAMPIN) NJDEP contracted with Newark-based Ironbound Community Corp., to help implement project Samples analyzed for VOCs by EPA contract lab One fixed site for 24-hour sampling Variable sites for 1-hour grab sampling taken by citizens Most VOC results similar to NJDEP fixed toxics site NJDEP presented results to community May 2014 Found high concentrations of some pollutants on a few sampling days

Follow-up Air Sampling of Toxics During Odors in Ironbound, Newark (FASTDOIN) NJDEP again contracted with Ironbound Community Corp. to help implement project Samples analyzed for VOCs by EPA contract lab 1-hour grab samples taken by citizens at 3 locations around a potential site or odor source Sampling completed Analysis ongoing Results will be presented to community in the next few months

Issues with Local Monitoring Projects No dedicated resources for short term air monitoring projects NJDEP administered local projects Offices of Science, Quality Assurance, and Communication Bureaus of Air Quality Evaluation and Monitoring NJDEP tested and maintained equipment, and used EPA approved labs for analytical services NJDEP joined an EPA workgroup to investigate new technologies for local monitoring

Bureau of Air Monitoring, NJDEP Questions or Comments Luis Lim, Chief Bureau of Air Monitoring, NJDEP 609-633-1151 Luis.Lim@dep.nj.gov