Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ., Prague

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Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ., Prague General Pathology – Seminary 1b Staining Methods Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ., Prague http://www1.lf1.cuni.cz/~jdusk/

Tissue Samples Fixation & Embedding FFPE Sections Staining

Cytology Samples Smears , cytocentrifugation Fixation (formalin, glutaraldehyde, air drying, freezing) Staining

Why do we stain ? to visualize structures (empiric stainings originate in textile industry) to prove presence of certain materials (e.g. Fe biochemical reactions – histochemistry) to see microorganisms (bacterioscopy, mycoses, parasites visualisation)

Immunohistochemistry detection of antigen using antibody (mostly commercially available) the antibody is coupled with a visualisation system (mostly enzymatic – e.g. diaminobenzidine DAB) – brown reaction product

Morphological Diagnostic Methods Pathological macroscopy microscopy ultrastructure IMAGING

Morphometric Investigations objectivisation & refinement of diagnostic methods staging (e.g. malignant melanoma) grading (e.g. kidney carcinoma)

List of the Demonstrated Methods Haematoxylin & Eosin v Gieson-elastics blue trichrom mucicarmine PAS Fe Kongo red oil red impregnation Warthin-Stary ( - Helicobacter) Gram Ziehl –Nielsen polychrom May-Grünwald-Giemsa