Chapter 5: Skeletal System The Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder Arm Leg Pelvis

Pectoral Girdle (shoulder) Clavicle: Articulates with the sternum and the scapula Helps make the shoulder joint and an attachment point for ligaments

Pectoral Girdle (shoulder) Scapula: aka shoulder blade Acromion: the end of the spine that forms the shoulder joint Glenoid Cavity: a “pocket” for the head of the humerus The shape of the scapula allows for muscles to attach

Arm Bones Humerus Head: articulates with the glenoid cavity Capitulum: rounded knob that articulates with the radius Trochlea: articulates with the ulna

Ulna and Radius Ulna: medial side of the forearm Trochlear Notch: curved area that receives the trochlea of the humerus Radius: lateral side of the forearm Head: articulates with the capitulum of the humerus

The Wrist, Hand, Fingers Bones in each hand: Carpals: 8 bones Metacarpals: 5 bones Phalanges: 14

Pelvis Coxal Bones: The hipbones that are made of three fused bones Ilium: superior; Ischium: inferior and posterior Pubis: inferior and anterior Acetabulum: that pocket found where the bone fuse

Dude or Dudette? Female inlet (superior opening) is larger and more circular Female bones are lighter and more thin Female Ilia flare more laterally Female ischial spines are shorter; outlet (inferior opening) is larger Female pubic arch is more round as the bones are at a great angle

Nice Legs! Femur: longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body Head: articulates with the acetabulum Greater and lesser trochanters: muscle attachment points Medial and Lateral Condyles: articulate with the tibia

Tibia and Fibula Tibia: shin bone Bears the weight of the leg Articulates with the femur,, fibula, and tarsal bones Has the medial malleolus Fibula: parallel and lateral to the tibia -Has the lateral malleolus

Knee Patella: kneecap Maintains positions of the quadriceps tendon and increase its leverage on the tibia. Allow the knee to lock for bipedal locomotion.

Foot Tarsals: ankle bones Metatarsals: 5 bones Phalanges: 14 per foot Talus: Articulates with the tibia and fibula; has no muscle attachments Calcaneus: heel bone Metatarsals: 5 bones Phalanges: 14 per foot