Fred Meijer Center for Writing and Michigan Authors MLA 8th Edition Fred Meijer Center for Writing and Michigan Authors Lake Ontario Hall 120

What is MLA MLA stands for the Modern Language Association. It is the principal professional organization of language and literature scholars. As it focuses on language and literature, MLA is primarily the citation style of the humanities.

What’s new in MLA 8th edition MLA used to have many different ways of citing different sources, and many of those citations contained repeated information. The purpose of the MLA 8th edition was to streamline the citing process— instead of someone asking “how do I cite a [video/web document/article/etc.],” a person just lists a work’s main elements, which according to MLA are consistent across different media. Definitive Source: MLA Handbook, 8th Edition, 2016.

Why Document Sources in MLA Format? To give credit where credit is due: avoid plagiarism To establish your credibility To ensure consistency within a discipline: readers know what to expect To give readers access to the sources you cite

How Documentation Works In-text citations refer to a full citation on a Works Cited page Works Cited pages give readers bibliographic information to locate sources themselves

MLA (8th ed) core elements Author Number Title of Source Publisher Title of Container Publication Date Other Contributors Location Version

Author Previously, coauthors were only omitted if there were four or more authors for a source. However, this now happens with three authors or more—where only the first author is given followed by “et al.” This is for in-text citations only. Works Cited: Burdick, Anne, et al. Digital_Humanities. MIT P, 2012. In Text Citation: (Burdick et al. 42)

Containers Containers are just a fancy way of saying whatever is holding your source— whether that is a website, an anthology, a journal, a book, etc. Example: Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” The Michigan Review, vol. 128, no.1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193-200.

Other contributors This means anyone else who aided in the creation of the source This is where you put “translators” and “editors.” Editors, translators, edited by, review of, etc. are no longer abbreviated. Example: Chartier, Roger. The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Translated by Lydia G. Cochrane, Stanford UP, 1994.

Number Number (or volume in some cases) is pretty straight forward, but it has changed from the previous edition. Instead of putting “64.1,” for example, you’d write out “vol. 64, no. 1.” Example: Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” The Michigan Review, vol. 128, no.1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193-200.

Publisher Publisher simply means whatever company published the source being used. The main difference from before is that the city of publication is no longer given. Example: Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. Penguin Press, 2008.

Publication Date When a source does not have a date on it (like many online sources), it is now okay to just give the date accessed. n.d. is no longer used. If a fact from the source is found from some external place, then it is put in [square brackets]. Otherwise, the n.d. is omitted. Example: Hollmichel, Stefanie. “The Reading Brain: Differences between Digital and Print.” Atlantic, 25 Apr. 2015, somanybooksblog.com/2015/04/25/the-reading-brain- differences-between-digital-and-print/.

Location Location is just where to find the source—whether that’s a URL or a page number. Unlike previous MLA, we are back to including the URL For page numbers, in the works cited entry, p. or pp. comes before the page range. This however is not carried over into the in-text citation. Example: Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” The Michigan Review, vol. 128, no.1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193-200.

Containers (cont.) Some entries will have a “container one” and a “container two.” An example of this would be a journal article that is in a journal and is found in a database. The journal is container one, and the database it’s found in is container two. Container two comes AFTER the location in container one.

In-Text Parenthetical Citations Use them to: Quote directly Summarize material Paraphrase material Quick Tip: Plagiarism is using someone’s words or ideas without giving the source proper credit.

Formatting An In-Text parenthetical Citation There are two common ways of writing an in-text citation: Integrate the author’s name into the sentence itself Include the author’s name in a parenthetical citation at the end of the passage in which you quote, summarize, or paraphrase the work. In Text Citation examples: In Run Rabbit Run, Rolo Tamasi argues that “patience is not a virtue, but a curse” (185). For some, “patience is not a virtue, but a curse” (Tamasi 185).

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