Classifying Life Chapter 1, section 4
Bellringer Why is it important to organize a stamp collection? If I asked you to find a stamp from Finland in this pile, how long do you think it would take you to find it? Why is it important to organize a stamp collection? If you wanted to collect stamps from one country, what are some ways you could organize or sort them? Does a collection always have to be organized in the same way? Explain.
Vocabulary Organism- something that has all 6 characteristics of life. Cell- Smallest unit of life Spontaneous Generation- An idea that living things come from nonliving things. Biogenesis- A more recent idea that living things come from living things. Unicellular- one celled organism Multicellular- an organism with many cells. Homeostasis- an organisms way to maintain its regular internal conditions.
Vocabulary Classify: Sort or organize based on characteristics or traits. Taxonomy: The science of classifying and naming organisms. Phylogeny: An organism’s evolutionary development. Common Name- The name based off everyday life. Scientific Name: A universal ( accepted world wide) name for an organism.
Vocabulary Carl Linnaeus-Father of classification. Binomial Nomenclature- Carl Linnaeus’ two word naming system for organisms. Dichotomous Key- A tool arranged with steps with descriptive statements used by scientists to help them identify organisms and their scientific name. Cladogram- A tool used by scientists to help them identify organisms.
Classification Shoe activity. High tops vs low tops What does it mean to classify? Sort and organize based on traits. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqxomJIBGcY
A teensy, tiny bit’o history Aristotle first classified organisms as plants and animals. That was used for over 2000 years. Then Carl Linnaeus came around and classified animals based on their visual traits. He is known as the father of classification or taxonomy. Scientists today use phylogeny (the evolution of an organism or how the organism changed over time) as the basis for classification.
When classifiying… They ask these questions: 1. Is there a nucleus present? Eukaryotic or prokaryotic 2. How many cells do the organisms have? Multi cellular or unicellular How does the organism obtain its energy? Autotrophic or heterotrophic or both How does the organism reproduce? Does the cell split?
Linnaeus’ classification system King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup
What is Taxonomy? The science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification of organisms. Taxonomy- The branch of science concerned with classification.
Activity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WPBA4a6NjU Let’s try putting them in order.
Taxonomy practice Wks.
DOmains Picture another category right above Kingdom, that is where domain is, there are 3 domains. 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya
Kingdoms There are 6 kingdoms: 1. bacteria 2. archaea 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. plants 6. animals http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/animals/kingdoms-of-life.htm
Bacteria Characteristics: Bacteria are simple unicellular organisms.
archaea Characteristics: Simple unicellular organisms that often live in extreme environments.
Protista Characteristics: Protista are unicellular, but they are more complex than bacteria or archaea.
Fungi Characteristics: fungi can be unicellular or multicellular and absorb food.
Plantae or plants Characteristics: Plants are multicellular and make their own food.
Animalia or Animals Characteristics: Animals are multicellular and take in their food.
Review What domain do you think we fit under? Eukarya What kingdom do you think we fit under? Animals or animalia
What would you call this?
What would you call this?
Scientific names Why have scientific names? (soda example) 1. It helps avoid mistakes. 2. Organisms with similar evolutionary history are grouped together. 3. Scientific names gives descriptive information about the organism. 4. allow information about organisms to be organized easily and efficiently.
How did they come up with the names? Linnaeus used a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature. The two words came from the organism’s genus and something descriptive about that organism or the species. Species- a group of organism that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring. Red Maple tree has been given the scientific name Acer rubrum (Latin for red). Another type of Red Maple has been given the name is Acer Saccharum (Latin for sugar).
Linnaeus’ classification system King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup
Scientific Names Island of the Blue Dolphins: Wild dog- Lycaon pictus Sea otter- Enhydra Lutris Sea Elephant- Mirounga Leonina
Binomial nomenclature practice Sea Otter Sea Elephant Human Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Primates Mustelidae Phocidae Hominidae Enhydra Mirounga Homo lutris angustirostris sapiens
How do scientists know how to classify? Suppose you go fishing, and you catch a fish you don’t recognize. How are you going to figure out the name of the fish? There are two classification tools 1. Dichotomous keys are what scientists use to classify organisms and then name organisms.
How do scientists know how to classify? 2. Cladogram- A branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors. Their kind of like family trees.
Dichotomous key practice
Review Dichotomous key: A series of questions used to identify an unknown organism How are they used? – the reader answers questions until the organism is identified. How do the questions help? – The questions refer to specific characteristics of a group of similar animals. Cladogram: branched diagram that shows how organism are related. How is it read? – all organisms to the right of the characteristic noted have that characteristic, the organisms to the left do not.