Schematic of the experimental design.

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Schematic of the experimental design. Schematic of the experimental design. The resting energy balance (EB) trial was preceded by 5 days of controlled diet providing 45 kcal·kg fat-free mass (FFM)−1·day−1. The resting/exercise in energy deficit (ED) trials were preceded by 5 days of controlled diet providing 30 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1. Subjects returned to normal daily activities in EB for 9 days between the ED periods. ↓Skeletal muscle biopsy sample; *blood sample. PL, 15 g, and 30 g represent the respective placebo or whey protein drinks (500 ml). Dashed timeline represents trials undertaken a single time by each subject. Times in parentheses are for ED trials involving resistance exercise (REX) and protein intake. José L. Areta et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014;306:E989-E997 ©2014 by American Physiological Society