Internet & Email March 31 2016

Objectives Introducing Internet and email Discussing History of the Internet Explaining how does the Internet Work? Introducing who is in charge of the Internet? Introducing what’s the infrastructure of the Internet like? Discussing Services of Internet Explaining different types of Internet Connection Discussing Common Internet terminologies

What is the Internet? The Internet is the global system of interconnected mainframe, personal, and wireless computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. Source Wikipedia

History of the Internet Research into packet switching started in the early 1960s Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks in 1969.

How Does the Internet Work? The Internet works because open standards allow every network to connect to every other network. This is what makes it possible for anyone to create content, offer services, and sell products without requiring permission from a central authority. It levels the playing field for everyone and it’s the reason why we have a rich diversity of applications and services that many of us enjoy today. Source Internet Society

Who’s in charge of the Internet? No one is, but everyone is. Unlike the telephone network, which for years in most countries, was run by a single company, the global Internet consists of tens of thousands of interconnected networks run by service providers, individual companies, universities, governments, and others.

What’s the infrastructure of the Internet like? The Internet backbone is made up of many large networks which interconnect with each other. These large networks are known as Network Service Providers or NSPs. Some of the large NSPs are UUNet, CerfNet, IBM, BBN Planet, SprintNet, PSINet, as well as others. These networks peer with each other to exchange packet traffic.

Services of Internet World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. The World Wide Web was invented by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.

Data transfer File sharing is an example of transferring large amounts of data across the Internet. A computer file can be emailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to a website or File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server for easy download by others. It can be put into a "shared location" or onto a file server for instant use by colleagues

Electronic Mail Electronic mail, most commonly called email or e- mail since around 1993. E-mail is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication. (Some publications spell it email; we prefer the currently more established spelling of e-mail.) Ray Tomlinson Email Pioneer

FTP - File Transfer Protocol The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files between a client and server on a computer network.

Chat Chat refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver.

Telecommuting Remote work is facilitated by tools such as groupware, virtual private networks, conference calling, videoconferencing, and Voice over IP (VOIP).

Types of Internet Connection Dial-up connections Broadband connections Fixed broadband connections Fixed wireless and satellite connections Mobile broadband connections Internet on your mobile phone Wireless hotspots

Dial-up connections To get a dial-up connection, your computer will dial a phone number using your telephone line. Dial-up connections need a modem to connect to the internet and you pay for a call each time you dial-up. Dial-up connections are really slow compared to broadband, and are usually too slow for streaming video and making voice or video calls on the internet.

Broadband connections Broadband is a high-speed internet connection. Unlike dial-up, with broadband your phone line is not tied up. You can make a phone call and be on the internet at the same time. With broadband, you can watch live news and sport, download and share large files quickly and shop or bank online more easily.

Example of Broadband Connections ADSL Internet 3G 4G EVDO CDMA 1X Mobile Internet

Fixed broadband connections A fixed broadband connection is a permanent connection to the internet. If you've got fixed broadband at home, you'll have a broadband modem that you can plug a cable into. If your modem's also a wireless modem, you'll be able to connect wireless internet devices to your modem without using a cable.

Fixed wireless and satellite connections Once you have a broadband connection to your home, you might like to set up a wireless router so you can connect several wireless devices and use them in and around the home.

Mobile broadband connections You could also get the internet on a mobile broadband connection where you plug a USB modem into your device and use mobile phone towers to access the internet. This can be useful if you need the internet when you're out and about, or if you live in an area with good mobile phone coverage.

Internet on your mobile phone Many mobile phones let you access the internet if you've signed up for internet in your mobile phone plan. 'Smartphones' are mobile phones that are like small computers. They have software on them to make it easier for you to surf the internet, check your email and use social networking sites.

Wireless hotspots If you're out and about with an internet device like a laptop, tablet or smartphone, you might want to connect at a wireless hotspot. Wireless 'hotspots' are places like libraries and cafés, which offer you free access to their broadband connection. You may need to be a member of the library or a customer at a café to get the password for the wireless connection.

Common Internet terminologies What is a Host? A computer that is used to transfer data on the Internet. What is Web Hosting? To store and make web pages available and ready for inquiries, or a computer that has a consistent connection to the Internet. What is a Domain Name? A domain name is a description or representation of a computer's location on the Internet. It is usually separated by a dot. For example: www.ethiopianairlines.com

Common Internet terminologies cont’d… What is DNS? DNS (Domain Name System) is a large database of domain names and their correspondent Internet (IP Addresses) for example: www.google.com corresponds to it's unique number 207.168.6.12 What is an IP address? An IP (Internet Protocol) address is an unique number used to identify a computer on the Internet. If you are connected to the Internet, you must have a unique network number, which is an IP address. An example of an IP address is: 207.168.6.12 There are four numbers separated by a dot, and are between 0 and 255. What is HTML? Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within a web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.

Common Internet terminologies cont’d… What is Hypertext? Hypertext is text on a webpage that links to another document or webpage. The hypertext link can be as small as a letter or word, or as big as all the text on the page. What is a home Page? A home Page is the main or index page of a web site. For example, if a user opens Mozilla Firefox or Internet Explorer and types the URL, http://www.ethiopianairlines.com, that would open the home Page of the Ethiopian Air Lines Company. What is a Port? In relationship to the Internet, a Port is a channel that a server software would listen to, for any inquiries, there are certain standard default channels set for certain server software. For example, a web server software by default will listen to port 80 for any inquiry. Web server software can also listen to any other port, for example: http://www.commentum.com:5000

Common Internet terminologies cont’d… What is Baud? Baud is the number of time per second that a medium converts digital signals to analog sounds, so that it can transfer information over an analog telephone line. What is a Bit? Bit is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit. What is a Byte? A Byte generally consists of eight bits.

What is a Server? What is Upload? What is Download? Common Internet terminologies cont’d… What is a Server? A server is a computer with a software program set up for serving web pages to a user on the same computer or another computer. The server computer coupled with server software, listens for inquiries from a client computer (a computer other than the server). What is Upload? To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer. What is Download? To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.

Common Internet terminologies cont’d… Bookmark a way of storing your favorite sites on the Internet. Browsers like Netscape or Internet Explorer let you to categorize your bookmarks into folders.  Cookie Information (in this case URLs, Web addresses) created by a Web server and stored on a user's computer. This information lets Web sites the user visits to keep of a user's browsing patterns and preferences.  People can set up their browsers to accept or not accept cookies. 

Common Internet terminologies cont’d… Attachment An attachment, or email attachment, is a file sent with an email message. It may be an image, video, text document, or any other type of file. Download Download can be used as either a verb or a noun. As a verb, it refers to the process of receiving data over the Internet. Downloading is the opposite of uploading, or sending data to another system over the Internet. As a noun, download may refer to either a file that is retrieved from the Internet or the process of downloading a file. Upload While downloading is receiving a file from another computer, uploading is the exact opposite. It is sending a file from your computer to another system. Pretty straight forward.

Common Internet terminologies cont’d… Social Media Social media is a collection of Internet-based communities that allow users to interact with each other online. This includes web forums, wikis, and user-generated content (UGC) websites. However, the term is most often used to describe popular social networking websites, which include the following:

Common Internet terminologies cont’d… Search Engine Search engines are programs that search documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. A search engine is really a general class of programs, however, the term is often used to specifically describe systems like Google, Bing and Yahoo! Search that enable users to search for documents on the World Wide Web.

Common Internet terminologies cont’d… Web Development Web development refers to building, creating, and an maintaining websites. It includes aspects such as web design, web publishing, web programming, and database management. While the terms "web developer" and "web designer" are often used synonymously, they do not mean the same thing.

Thank you!