ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Why did the Cold War Last So Long? The Cold War at Home ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Why did the Cold War Last So Long?

TEKS and Objectives We will… I will… (8B) describe how Cold War tensions were intensified by the arms race, the space race, McCarthyism, and the House Un- American Activities Committee (HUAC), the findings of which were confirmed by the Venona Papers 27B explain how specific needs result in scientific discoveries and technological innovations in … medicine, including vaccines Summarize how Cold War tensions were increased during the 1950s

Arms Race USSR Develops Atomic Bomb (1949) Hydrogen Bomb Marks beginning of the Arms Race Hydrogen Bomb U.S. develops H-bomb in 1952 USSR gets H-bomb in 1953

Space Race Soviets Launch Sputnik (1957) U.S. Reaction First satellite launched into space Started the space race U.S. Reaction Fear Soviets would use missiles to send nuclear bombs New programs in science education Creation of NASA Launched satellite in 1958

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Loyalty Review Boards Established by Truman to investigate individual “un-American” activities i.e. participation in the American Communist Party Process violated constitutional rights HUAC Investigation committee Questioned actors, directors, writers, and others about Communist sympathies

The Rosenberg Trials Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Charged with selling national secrets to Soviets about atomic bomb Found guilty and executed for spying Venona Papers released by NSA Decoded messages from Soviet military in the 1940s Revealed identities of several Americans who had spied for the Soviets (including Julius) Showed Soviets had penetrated U.S. government, science, and industry

The McCarthy Hearings Senator Joseph McCarthy Second Red Scare Fueled a national witch hunt for suspected Communists No proof of his charges Second Red Scare Hysteria about Communism Many falsely accused; blacklisted McCarthyism Harsh accusations without evidence

The Eisenhower Presidency (1953-1960)

Foreign Policy Under Eisenhower Eisenhower Doctrine Extension of containment policy Vowed to send troops to any Middle Eastern nations fighting Communism Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles (Sec. of State) Threatening enemies even if war breaks out Playing “Chicken”

Domestic Policy Under Eisenhower WWII Veterans Special benefits providing low mortgage rates GI Bill (passed in 1944) provided education grants and housing allowances Interstate Highway Act (1956) Created system of federal highways

Prosperity Under Eisenhower Baby Boom Spike in the birth rate Stimulated economy Housing Boom Middle class migrated to suburbs Declining urban tax base/decaying inner cities Economic Boom Government spending on defense Increased consumerism Prosperity/growth of middle class U.S. dominated world trade

Advances in Medicine Jonas Salk Other Medical Advances Developed first vaccine for polio (1953) Polio paralyzed thousands of American children each year Other Medical Advances Measles vaccine First heart transplant Discovery of streptomycin (antibiotic of tuberculosis)

Create this graphic organizer in your notebook and explain how these events intensified the Cold War. Increased Cold War Tensions Arms Race Space Race/Sputnik House Un-American Activities Committee Rosenberg Trial/Venona Papers McCarthyism Korean War