Chapter 3

Protons bouncing between the nucleus and the electron cloud 1. Neils Bohr observed that distinct spectral lines were produced when the light emitted from heated hydrogen gas was passed through a prism. He hypothesized that this atomic emission spectrum was the result of... Protons bouncing between the nucleus and the electron cloud Excited electrons returning to the lower ground state. Neutrons being ejected from the nucleus. Electrons excited in the higher energy state.

2. According to the electron –cloud model of the atom, an orbital is a Circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus A spiral path traveled by an electron around the nucleus A region of the most probable neutron location A region of the most probable electron location

3. When a metal, like potassium is heated, with a flame a characteristic is a pink color. What happens to the atoms of the metal to produce the characteristic color? Electrons move from a higher energy level to lower energy level Electrons move from a lower energy level to higher energy level Neutrons move from a higher energy level to lower energy level Neutrons move from a lower energy level to higher energy level

4. What is the total charge of the nucleus in an oxygen atom? -8 +8 +16

5. Which of the following statements about the atom did Rutherford's experiment support? An atom contains protons, neutrons, and electrons. An atom's nucleus is small and has a positive charge. Electrons follow a predictable path around the nucleus. Different isotopes of an element have different masses

6. What is the full electron configuration for selenium? 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d11 4p2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d11 4p3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10

7. An atom that has 54 protons, 54 electrons, and 78 neutrons is B C D

8. Which two notations represent different isotopes of the same element? 6Be & 6C 6Be & 6Be 6Be & 9Be 14N & 12C

9. Compared to a Magnesium atom, the magnesium ion Mg2+ has fewer electrons more protons more electrons fewer protons

10. What can be determined if only the atomic number of a neutral atom is known? the total number of neutrons in the atom, only the total number of protons in the atom, only the total number of protons and the total number of neutrons in the atom the total number of protons and the total number of electrons in the atom

11. Which diagram below represents the nucleus of an atom of

12. Which two particles have approximately the same mass? Proton and neutron Proton and electron Electron and neutron Neutron and alpha particle

13. Which subatomic particle has an positive charge? Electron Proton Neutron Photon

14. The diagram below represents the nucleus of an atom 14. The diagram below represents the nucleus of an atom. What are the atomic number and mass number of this atom? The atomic # is 10 and the mass # is 12 The atomic # is 22 and the mass # is 12 The atomic # is 10 and the mass # is 22 The atomic # is 12 and the mass # is 10

16. The figure below represents the periodic table and the location of four different elements on the table. A certain element has a ground state electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6. Which letter in the diagram below represents the position of this element in the periodic table? W X Y Z

16. Which of the following graphs best shows the relationship between an element’s atomic mass and its atomic number? A B C D

17. Which element has the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p4? A) neon B) oxygen C) chlorine D) fluorine

18. The full electron configuration for Ne is A) 1s2 2s2 2p6 B) 1s2 2s2 2p4 C) 1s2 2s2 2p2 D) 1s2 2s2

19. An atom of Ba contains how many electrons? D) 56

20. The shape of the electron orbital changes as what else about the electron changes? A) the energy level increases B) the size increases C) the polarity increases D) the overall energy stabilizes

21. When an element has Z = 31 and 39 neutrons, what element and isotope is it? A) 3170Ga B) 3170Yb C) 7031Ga D) 7031Yb

22. The isotope 146C has how many electrons? B) 14 C) 6 D) 7

23. The two compounds SO2 and SO3 are both made only from oxygen and sulfur, but represent an example of which of Dalton's Laws? A) the law of conservation of mass B) the law of multiple proportions C) the atomic theory D) the law of conservation of charge

24. What is the ground state of an atom? A) The state in which all electrons are in the lowest possible energy level. B) The state in which electrons have been promoted to the lowest possible energy level. C) The state in which multiple electrons are located in one of two levels. D) The state in which all electrons are in their highest possible energy level.

25. If the atomic mass of boron is 10   25. If the atomic mass of boron is 10.81, which isotope of boron is most likely the major one? A) 11 B) 10 C) 12 D) 9

Wavelengths of color of visible light Wavelength in nanometers (nm) red 700 Orange-yellow 600 Blue-green 500 violet 400 26. Refer to the table above. Which color shown has the shortest wavelength? violet orange-yellow red green-blue

27. In a reaction in which 55. 0 g of HgO is heated, liberating 43 27. In a reaction in which 55.0 g of HgO is heated, liberating 43.0 g of mercury, how much oxygen must also have been produced? A) 97.0 g B) 1.2 g C) 12.0 g D) 0.8 g

28. Boron has how many protons? C) 4 D) 5

29. What is the orbital of an electron? A) a loop-like planetary trajectory with the lowest probability of finding the electron B) a loop-like planetary trajectory with the highest probability of finding the electron C) the region of space with the lowest probability of finding the electron D) the region of space with the highest probability of finding the electron

30. The isotope of carbon with the symbol 136C has how many neutrons? D) 1

31. Atoms of U all contain how many electrons? B) 92 C) 238 D) 146

32. Neutral atoms of sodium all have how many electrons? B) 22 C) 23 D) 40

33. An electron in an excited state has not absorbed energy. A) True B) False

34. An s orbital has what shape? A) circular B) spherical C) oblong D) dumbbell

35. An electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 represents which element? A) Mg B) K C) Ca D) None, the configuration is incorrect for any element.

36. The isotope of cobalt with the symbol 5927Co has how many electrons? D) 27

37. What is a photon? A) excess energy absorbed by a proton B) excess energy emitted from a neutron C) excess energy absorbed by an electron D) excess energy emitted from an electron

38. What is the full electron configuration for flourine? A) 1s2 2s2 2p5 B) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 C) 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s2 D) 1s2 2s2 2p6

39. Dalton's Atomic Theory states that all atoms of a given element are A) identical B) stable C) of the same mass D) of the same charge

40. What element and isotope has Z = 43 and 55 neutrons? A) 5643Tc B) 9943Tc C) 9843Tc D) 5613Tc

41. How many protons are in 5123V? B) 28 C) 51 D) 23

42. Bromine has two isotopes: bromine-79 at 80% and bromine-81 at 20% A) write the isotope symbol for each. B) solve for average mass: C) which is more abundant?

43. How is the electron configuration of Cobalt represented? A)full (unabbreviated): B)kernal (abbreviated):