SN#3 The Periodic Table

Reading the Periodic Table Number at the top = atomic number Chemical Symbol = Abbreviation for elements name Elements Name Number at the bottom = atomic mass Valence electrons = number of electrons in Outer shell

How is the Periodic Table is arranged? Group(Family) = elements in a vertical column Families are related but not identical Have similarities Have the same number of valence electrons in their Outer shell. Group number = Number of valence electrons. Group/Family 18 Period 6

How is the Periodic Table is arranged? Except group 8 or 18….they have a full shell outer shell or 8 valence electrons Transition Elements have 1 or 2 valence electrons. Group/Family 18 Period 6

How is the Periodic Table is arranged? Period = elements in a horizontal row. Period number tells you how many energy levels are in the atom. (there are some exceptions) Group/Family 18 Period 6

How is the Periodic Table is arranged? An Atom’s position on the PT indicates its properties 3 main regions Metals on the left Nonmetals on the right (except Hydrogen) Metalloids in between Its position indicates how reactive (likely to undergo a chemical change) it is.

The Periodic Table Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids

METALS Most elements are metals Transition Metals Conduct electricity and heat well Shiny appearance Can be shaped easily Are solids except for mercury -Hg (liquid) Transition Metals Earliest known elements such as copper, gold, silver, iron Used to make jewelry

Rare Earth Elements Found outside the main body of the PT Once thought to be available only in tiny amounts on earth.

Nonmetals On the right side of the PT Many are gases at room temperature One is a liquid (bromine) Br Dull surfaces, Cannot be shaped by hammering, Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Metalloids Have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Lie on either side of the zigzag line separating metals from nonmetal. Make up semiconductors found in electronic devices

Noble Gases Group 18 Almost never react with other elements

ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal All are solids at room temperature 1 electron in the outer shell Soft and silvery metals Conduct electricity Very reactive

ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 Metals Solids at room temp 2 electrons in the outer shell White, silvery, and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Conduct electricity

TRANSITION METALS Metals Almost all are solids at room temp (Hg) Good conductors of heat and electricity. 1 or 2 Valence Electrons Less Reactive than Alkali and Alkaline Earth Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

BORON FAMILY Group 3 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals Boron is a metalloid Reactive Solid at room temp

CARBON FAMILY Group 4 4 electrons in the outer shell Contains 3 metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 non-metal Carbon (C) Reactivity varies Solids at room temp

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 5 electrons in the outer shell Can share electrons to form compounds Contains 2 metals, 2 metalloids, and 2 non-metals Reactivity Varies Nitrogen is the only gas at room temp, rest are solids

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 6 electrons in the outer shell Contains 2 metals, 1 metalloid, and 3 non-metals Reactive Oxygen is a gas, the rest are solids at room temp

Halogens Group 7 7 electrons in the outer shell Non-metals, Uus is unknown Very reactive - are often bonded with Group 1 Alkali Metals Has 2 gases, 1 liquid (Br), and 2 solids

Noble Gases Group 8 Exist as gases Non-metals 8 electrons in the outer shell or a full outer shell. Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full Not reactive with other elements

Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. Conduct electricity