Materials Engineering 9 Chapter Materials Engineering
Objectives Define materials engineering. Identify different types of materials. Describe a range of material properties. List examples of material tests. Describe nanotechnology.
Materials Engineering Design, development of new materials Production using specific materials Materials engineers work in many fields Specialize in one material Volodymyr Krasyuk/Shutterstock.com
Professional Aspects Bachelor’s degree required Internships Professional societies ASTM Materials Information Society Materials Research Society NACE International Other groups for ceramics, plastics, metals
Principles of Materials Engineering Materials used in all engineering fields Engineers must understand Types of materials Properties of materials Nano-Tex
Material Types ARENA Creative/Shutterstock.com; kubais/Shutterstock.com; Evgeny Korshenkov/Shutterstock.com
Metals Crystalline Inorganic Commonly used in alloys Most pure metals natural Many found in ore Commonly used in alloys
Crystalline Atomic Structure Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Types of Steel
Ceramics Crystalline Brittle Good insulators Include clay, cement, many abrasives Lucertolone/Shutterstock.com
Polymers Organic materials Noncrystalline Natural or synthetic Plastics most common Thermoplastics and thermosets Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Polymers Picsfive/Shutterstock.com; Barghest/Shutterstock.com; Claudio Divizia/Shutterstock.com; Big Pants Production/Shutterstock.com; Kletr/Shutterstock.com; Santhosh Kumar/Shutterstock.com
Going Green Recycling Plastics made from oil, natural gas Never biodegrade Society of Plastics Industry created codes Recycling symbol, number, abbreviation Useful to consumers who recycle Over 82 million tons of materials recycled per year in United States
Composites Combine two or more materials Natural or synthetic Matrix and fiber Matrix is main material Fiber is strengthening material Include wood, concrete, plywood, fiberglass jocic/Shutterstock.com
Other Materials Fluids Semiconductors Biomaterials Oleksiy Mark/Shutterstock.com
Design Materials Symbols Used by designers, architects Symbols for common building materials Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Material Properties Physical Mechanical Electrical Magnetic Chemical Thermal Optical Acoustical
Physical Properties Determined using senses Size, shape, look, feel, taste, smell Not determined using senses Density Mass per unit of volume D = m/v STILLFX/Shutterstock.com
Mechanical Properties Material behavior when force, load applied Stress Compression strength Tensile strength Shear stress Elasticity Plasticity
Stress/Strain Diagram Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Electrical Properties Material behavior when electrically charged Types Conductors, insulators, semiconductors Conductivity Resistivity Oleg Doroshin/Shutterstock.com
Magnetic Properties Material behavior within magnetic field Magnetic permeability Measured in Henrys per meter Impacted by temperature, distance from magnetic field If high, material allows magnetic flow
Chemical Properties Changed by chemical reaction Flammability, corrosion Can damage materials so control is necessary Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com
Thermal Properties Material response to heat Thermal conductivity Thermal resistance Thermal expansion Melting point Christina Richards/Shutterstock.com
Optical Properties Light wave interaction with material Absorption Reflection Transmission Reflected light gives material color Transmission is light that passes through materials
Acoustical Properties Sound waves interaction with material Absorption Reflection Transmission Porous materials absorb sound Smooth materials reflect sound in one direction Rough materials reflect sound in many directions
Material Testing Using new, different materials requires testing ASTM leads testing standards development Categories Destructive material tests Nondestructive material tests
Destructive Tests Mechanical properties Chemical properties Exert force until material fails Tensile tests Compression tests Fatigue tests Chemical properties Corrosion reaction Saltwater Dikiiy/Shutterstock.com
Nondestructive Tests Inspect materials, products for flaws, defects Visual examinations Wave testing Radiography tests Ultrasonic tests Current testing Eddy current testing Magnetic particle testing
Nanotechnology New material, device design at scale of nanometer Potential used Deliver medicines directly to cancerous tumors Create microscopic computer chips Manufacture self-cleaning, self-repairing materials
Nanoparticles Most basic components Some materials have properties at nanoscale not present at larger scales Products being designed to use properties Nano-Tex
Nanostructures Nanowires Nanotubes Buckyball Georgy Shafeev/Shutterstock.com
Nanotubes Cylindrical fullerenes with honeycomb pattern Useful in electronics, structural applications Tyler Boyes/Shutterstock.com
Buckyballs Perfectly round molecules Useful as lubricants Mark Lorch/Shutterstock.com
Materials Engineering in Action Materials engineering principles, applications used to create solutions Elements to consider Material function Manufacturability Cost Safety sydeen/Shutterstock.com