The Classification of Matter Unit I-1 Hebden 49-52

Substances Can be homogeneous Can be heterogeneous Two or more phases Gravel, cookies Can be homogeneous Only one phase Air, water, salt water, a piece of iron

Mixture More than one Pure Substance physically mixed together

Solution A mixture that looks like a pure substance. Particles of all substances are completely mixed together

Solutions: Homogenous Mixtures A solute is the substance to be dissolved The solvent is the one doing the dissolving Universal solvent- generally thought of as water

Solutions

WHAT IS? Identify the solvent and solute 100 mL of water 0.1 g of sugar

Solid Solutions -Alloys Made by melting different metals and mixing them together Examples of Alloys are: Steel (iron, carbon and other elements like Cr and Mo) Brass (copper and zinc) Bronze (copper and tin)

Solid Solutions -Alloys Amalgams – special type of alloy that combines Mercury with other metals [old dental work] Titanium alloys (used to make high-end bike parts & frames)

Solid Solutions -Alloys

Suspension Particles are large enough to make it cloudy.

Mechanical Mixture You can see particles of different substances

Pure Substances Matter with a unique set of properties Can be an element or a compound

Elements are composed of ATOMS Atoms of different elements have different masses is a pure substance that can not be broken down further by chemical means

Element A Pure Substance made up of ONE kind of atom Its symbol can be found on the Periodic Table

Metals and Non-Metals An element can either be a metal or a non-metal

Non-Metals Generally gases or dull, brittle solids at room temperature Bromine is the only liquid Conduct heat and electricity poorly

Non-Metals

Metals shiny and solid at room temperature Exception Mercury [only liquid] Conduct heat and electricity Ductile and malleable

Metals

Compound A Pure Substance made up of two or more kinds of atoms.

Law of Definite Proportions

Compounds Every compound has its own chemical formula Water is H20

Compound Water Hydrogen Water Oxygen

Compounds Contain symbols of different elements H2SO4 NaCl C2H5OH C3H8

Compounds NOTE: The properties of compounds are always different than the properties of their elements!

Ionic Compounds An Ionic Compound is made up a metal and a non-metal or has Polyatomic Ions in it. Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one kind of atom They can be found on your ion table (back of Periodic Table) Some Examples: SO42- (sulphate), CO32- (carbonate)

Ionic Compounds Some example of IONIC compounds are: NaCl MgBr2 Al2O3 K2SO4

Covalent Compounds A Covalent Compound is made up of a two non-metals or is a hydrocarbon Some example of COVALENT compounds are: CO2 , PBr3 , CCl4 , C8H18 , XeF6 , C4H9OH