Chemistry Guided note packet (read through your notes every night) Unit 1. Matter and Change This lesson is 8 days long Chemistry Guided note packet (read through your notes every night)

Objectives:

Chemistry

Chemistry deals with:

Branches of Chemistry Introduction Video

Analytical chemistry – Biochemistry –

States of Matter

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

Objectives:

Let’s Practice!

Do Now

Physical vs. Chemical Properties

Let’s Practice! Physical vs. Chemical

Physical vs. Chemical CHANGE

Physical vs. Chemical CHANGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37pir0ej_SE

Properties and Changes in Matter

Let’s Practice! Physical vs. Chemical Change

Do Now https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88MBCyiaPSM

Do Now

Pure Substances

Pure Substances Compound

Law of Definite Composition Law of Multiple Proportions

For example…

Pure Substances - (constant composition) Elements Compounds

Mixtures .. H_________ H___________

Mixtures - (variable composition) .. ..

Mixtures continued…

Colloid solutions are

Suspension solutions are ...

Let’s Practice! mayonnaise muddy water fog saltwater Italian salad dressing

Can it be physically separated? Matter Flowchart yes no Can it be physically separated? Is the composition uniform? no yes Is it made of more than one type of atom? no yes

Let’s Practice! graphite pepper sugar (sucrose) paint soda How do we categorize the following? graphite pepper sugar (sucrose) paint soda

Tea – H Mixture

Air – H

Alloys – H

Cereal – H

Sand – H

Separating Mixtures Only a Filtration - Distillation - Chromatography -

Do Now - Identify the type of substance 1. ice tea 2. carbon 3. carbon dioxide 4. foul water 5. foul water after separation 6. milk

Do Now List as many elements as you can from the periodic table WITHOUT LOOKING ☺ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgVQKCcfwnU

Objectives 1.

The Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian) Organized elements by increasing atomic mass. Elements with similar properties were grouped together.

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian) Predicted properties of undiscovered elements.

Henry Moseley (1913, British) Organized elements by increasing atomic number. Resolved discrepancies in Mendeleev’s arrangement.

Organization of the Elements

Metallic Character Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Get 3 colored pencils. Make a key!

Blocks Main Group Elements Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals

Periods and Families Periods: horizontal rows on the periodic table physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a row. Elements closer to each other in the same period tend to be similar than those that are farther apart. Groups: vertical rows of elements, AKA families Each group contains similar chemical properties

Do Now: Au Si Br Classify the following as either a METAL, NON-METAL or METALLOID: Au Si Br

METALS : Types of Elements Shiny Conductors of heat and electricity Most metals are ductile (can be drawn out into a thin wire). Most metals are malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets like tin foil) a sugar cube sized chunk of gold can be pounded into a thin sheet which will cover a football field!

METALS Continued.... All are solids at room temp (except Mercury, which is liquid) Metals tend to have low ionization energies, and typically lose electrons (i.e. are oxidized) when they undergo chemical reactions Alkali metals are always 1+ (lose the electron in s subshell) Alkaline earth metals are always 2+ (lose both electrons in s subshell) Compounds of metals with non-metals tend to be ionic in nature.

Add in ionization!

NON- METALS : Types of Elements Vary greatly in appearance Non-lustrous Poor conductors of heat and electricity The melting points of non-metals are generally lower than metals Seven non-metals exist under standard conditions as diatomic molecules: H2(g) N2(g) O2(g) F2(g) Cl2(g) Br2(l) I2(l) (volatile liquid - evaporates readily)

Nonmetal + Metal -> Salt NON- METALS continued... Nonmetals, when reacting with metals, tend to gain electrons (typically attaining noble gas electron configuration) and become anions: Nonmetal + Metal -> Salt Compounds composed entirely of nonmetals are molecular substances (not ionic)

Metalloids: Types of Elements Elements may share properties of metals and non-metals. A stair-step line separates the metals from the nonmetals on the periodic table

Metalloids continued... Properties: All metalloids are solids at room temperature. Less malleable than metals but not as brittle as nonmetals. Metalloids tend to be semiconductors of electricity. (intermediate between metals and nonmetals). Used in semiconducting materials found in computers, calculators, televisions and radios.

Noble Gases Types of Elements Elements in Group 18 of the periodic table. They are considered nonmetals. These elements are generally unreactive. All are gases at room temperature. Examples: neon, argon, krypton, xenon (all used in lighting) and helium.

Do Now: Classify the following as either a: METAL, NON-METAL or METALLOID: Au Si Br An element that is brittle and conducts electricity An element that is malleable An element that has tendency to become an anion