Key Stage 4 Literature “Of Mice and Men”

“Of Mice and Men” - Introduction CONTENTS Unit Introduction Author Information The Great Depression The Social Context The Political Context Extension Work

“Of Mice & Men” - Introduction Unit Introduction In this unit we will be looking at the novella “Of Mice and Men” written by John Steinbeck. The book is divided into six sections, and for each section you will be completing a variety of activities to develop your understanding of the text. Before we start looking at the novel itself, it is useful to explore some of the background of John Steinbeck, his work and its historical and social context.

“Of Mice & Men” - Introduction Author Information Name: John Steinbeck Dates: 1902 - 1968 Career: Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, and many of his novels are set in this part of America. Before his career as a writer began, Steinbeck worked as a construction labourer and a caretaker. His first novel “Cup of Gold” was published in 1929. “Of Mice and Men” was published in 1937. His most famous novel, “The Grapes of Wrath” came out in 1939. Many of his books, such as “East of Eden” also became films. In 1962 John Steinbeck was awarded the prestigious Nobel Prize for Literature.

“Of Mice & Men” - Introduction The Great Depression The 29th October 1929 was known as ‘Black Tuesday’ in America. The huge crash of the stock market sounded a final death knell to the prosperity that had characterised the United States throughout the 1920s, and signalled the start of ‘the Great Depression’. Unemployment rose from around 3% in 1929 to over 26% by 1934. Many of the poorest members of American society suffered badly, and at one point it was estimated that 34 million men, women and children had no income at all. This crisis in the American economy forms the background to many of Steinbeck’s novels.

“Of Mice & Men” - Introduction The Social Context “The Grapes of Wrath” deals with a group of people known as the ‘Okies’. These were migrant workers who left the dust bowl of Oklahoma when their crops failed. They travelled to California, in search of work and ‘the American Dream’, the hope of a bright new future in the West. The Okies were badly treated, and many of them died on the journey, or starved to death after arriving in California, the ‘land of plenty’. John Steinbeck was deeply affected by their plight. Much of his work deals with the poor treatment of such workers, and the way that society mistreats its poorest people.

“Of Mice & Men” - Introduction The Political Context John Steinbeck’s writing was at times deeply political. He felt a strong connection with the underdog, and in his work he suggested ways that society could improve the lot of migrant workers such as the Okies. In “The Grapes of Wrath”, perhaps his most political novel, the Okies try to set up unions, so that they can force the landowners to pay them a decent wage. This political stand is extremely unpopular with the rich landowners, and those who join unions are blacklisted.

“Of Mice & Men” - Introduction Extension Work Activities Complete the following tasks to develop your understanding of the background to “Of Mice and Men”: Find out more information about America during the Depression. Complete some background reading by looking at Steinbeck’s other short novels, for instance “Tortilla Flat”, “The Red Pony”. Find out some more information about John Steinbeck’s life and work.

“Of Mice and Men” - Section One CONTENTS Plot Summary Exercise Setting the Scene Describing George & Lennie George & Lennie’s Relationship The American Dream Foreshadowing Extension Work

“Of Mice & Men” - Section One Plot Summary Exercise Complete the plot summary by filling in the blanks: Two men, called George and ____________ make their way down to a clearing beside the ___________ River. They are heading to a _____________ to find work. Lennie has a dead ___________ which he likes to stroke, but George makes him throw it away. They warm some __________ on a fire and Lennie asks George to tell him about the house and land they are going to own one day. Lennie Salinas ranch mouse beans

“Of Mice & Men” - Section One Setting the Scene Re-read the first two paragraphs of the book (p.1 & 2) Steinbeck ‘sets the scene’ by describing the natural world. Find quotations from this section to replace the pictures below. River Mountains Trees

Describing George & Lennie “Of Mice & Men” - Section One Describing George & Lennie Re-read the description of George & Lennie in the third paragraph. (p. 2) Steinbeck describes the two characters with great care, so that the reader gets a strong image of them right from the very start of the book. Activity Look carefully at how the two men are described. Add your own ideas / useful quotations to the pictures of George and Lennie on the next two slides.

“Of Mice & Men” - Section One Describing George Small, with sharp features

“Of Mice & Men” - Section One Describing Lennie Complete opposite of George

George & Lennie’s Relationship “Of Mice & Men” - Section One George & Lennie’s Relationship Re-read the conversation between George & Lennie on pages 3 to 7. You could do this in a group of three, reading George / Lennie / the narrative. Questions Find two examples of Lennie acting like a child. Why does Lennie like the mouse? Why is George worried about Lennie? Why do you think George stays with Lennie?

“Of Mice & Men” - Section One The American Dream One of the major themes in the book is ‘The American Dream’, the hope of creating a better life. Look at the story about their farm that George and Lennie share on pages 14 & 15. How does this story relate to ‘The American Dream’? Add your ideas to the image below. They could work for themselves

“Of Mice & Men” - Section One Foreshadowing What is Foreshadowing? A subtle hint about something that will happen later in the book. Often a signal that warns of danger for one of the characters. A way of creating anticipation and tension for the reader. A way of making the reader want to find out what happens next. Activity Look at the end of Section One. Can you find an example of foreshadowing here? What do you think might happen later on in the book that is being hinted at here?

“Of Mice & Men” - Section One Extension Work Questions Find quotations on pages 2 & 3 that describe Lennie using characteristics normally associated with animals. Why do you think Steinbeck describes Lennie in this way? What happened to George and Lennie that meant they had to leave Weed? Why do you think Lennie likes hearing the story about the ranch so much?

“Of Mice & Men” - Section One Extension Work Activity Character Study: Make a detailed character study of George and Lennie. Include the following details: Appearance Personality Likes and Dislikes Useful Quotations