A New Kind of War Main Idea Reading Focus With the introduction of new types of warfare and new technologies, World War I resulted in destruction on a scale never before imagined. Reading Focus How was the World War I battlefield different than those of earlier wars? How did the war affect the home front? What happened on the Western Front? How did the war spread around the world?

The World War I Battlefield Accredited as the start of modern warfare Big Bertha = German cannon that shot an 1,800 pound shell up to 75 miles Zeppelin = Gas-filled airship that dropped bombs Machine Gun = 10 rounds per second Poison Gas = Gas masks become standard equipment Tanks Caterpillar treads and built of steel Technique replaces use of cavalry British use during Battle of the Somme Airplanes Flimsy flights and dogfights with pistols Mounted machine guns Interrupter gear

Big Bertha

Zeppelin

Machine Gun & Poison Gas

Tanks Airplanes

The World War I Battlefield Dysentery = caused by surroundings of filth, lice, rats, polluted water “Shell Shock” - complete emotional collapse “Trench Foot” - wet trenches without dry socks = amputation of the foot “Trench Mouth” - infection of gums and throat

War on the Home Front Rationing Gov’t Control Propaganda TOTAL WAR Winning a new type of war required use of all society’s resources Rationing Sought to control public opinion Censored newspaper reports about fighting to keep from discouraging public Gov’t Control Created information to influence opinions and encourage volunteers Posters Pamphlets Articles about enemy’s brutal actions Propaganda New controls change nations’ industries and economies Factories produced military equipment Citizens conserved food, other goods

Women in War Millions of men at battle Work on home front done by women Some worked in factories, producing war supplies Others served as nurses to wounded Contributions of women Transformed public views of women Helped women win right to vote

World War I Propaganda USA Propaganda Posters http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/ww1posters/4963 German Nationalism Part 1 http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/378585/All-Quiet-On-The-Western-Front-Movie-Clip-Life-Of-The-Fatherland.html German Nationalism Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSPj_G2yVz4

Battles on the Western Front 1916 – 1917 While people on the home front supported their troops, the war in Western Europe was going badly for the Allied Powers. Germans planned assault on French fortress, Verdun Believed French would defend fortress at all costs Battle of Attrition 10 months of fighting 600k-800k dead Battle of Verdun British launched attack in Somme River area to pull German troops away from Verdun Both sides lost great number of troops British suffered nearly 60,000 casualties on the first day of fighting First use of tank in battle Battle of the Somme Failed French offensive caused rebellion among French soldiers, British began offensive near Ypres, Belgium, site of German attacks Disaster for British After 3 years of battle, front lines remained virtually unchanged Battle of Ypres (3rd)

War around the World Much of the early fighting took place in Europe, but the conflict quickly became a true world war as fighting spread around the globe. Over 30 nations officially took sides in the war. Ottoman Empire Gallipoli Campaign Arabian Uprisings What Happened in Armenia?

Gallipoli Campaign Spring 1915 Ottoman Empire Joined Central Powers, late 1914 Controlled the Dardanelles, which the Allies used to ship supplies to Russia Gallipoli Campaign Allies landed force on Gallipoli Peninsula Anzac Forces defeated 200,000 deaths Spring 1915

Causing Trouble in Arabia Arab subjects of Ottoman Empire living in the Arabian Peninsula rebelled later in war British sent T.E. Lawrence to support Arabs British made promises to Arabs Arabs overthrew Ottoman rule Promises were broken…… Arab Uprisings Britain Causing Trouble in Arabia Lawrence of Arabia

Lawrence’s Legacy

Armenian Massacre Caucasus Use of Force Russia launched an attack in the Caucasus Mountain region between Black Sea and Caspian Sea Home to Christian Armenians, minority in Muslim Ottoman Empire Use of Force Ottoman leaders claimed Armenians aided Russians Began forcibly removing Armenians from Caucasus, spring 1915 600,000 Armenians died in the massacre Ottoman leaders were accused of Genocide

Caucusus

Armenian Genocide April 24th 2015 = 100 Years BBC Documentary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI8PP0JnsW0 CBS - Battle Over History http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwcDvt_ki-k&feature=fvwrel US Ambassador in Turkey Henry Morgenthau on Armenian Genocide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAzSzX6EE2o From Despair to Hope in Rhode Island https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gE-XI6blXB0

Fighting in Asia and Africa Germany attacked overseas Japan declares war on Germany Part of military agreement with Great Britain Japanese captured German colonies in China British, French attacked German colonies in Africa Allied colonies around world contributed to war Some colonists worked as laborers to keep armies supplied Others fought, died in battles in hope of winning independence Hopes were in vain