Storage and Warehousing Techniques Warehouse Management, 3rd edition by Gwynne Richards Published November 2017 (Kogan Page) Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

The Environment and the Future of Warehousing Section 15

Optimise Storage Space The Wheel of Green Logistics 3 Optimise Storage Space 4 2 Optimise Goods Movement & Handling Renewable & Efficient Energy Usage 1 Green Warehousing 5 Construct Green Warehouses Reduce Inventory Green Pollution Prevention Emission Control Logistics Reduce Cost Fast Deliveries 1 Appropriate mode selection Reverse Logistics Green Transportation 6 Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption Maximise utilisation 2 Reduce movements and optimise routes Fleet Management 5 Adapted from Emmett & Sood (2010) 3 4 Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

Environmental drivers The Environment Act 1995 Noise, vibration and visual intrusion Exhaust emission and waste management Waste management (WEEE- Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment) ISO 14000- Environmental Management Health and Safety Hazardous product handling Ergonomics Absenteeism Fatigue High error rates Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

Trends in Warehousing: The impact on the Environment Potential Impact Increasing size of warehouses (height and floor space) / Increasing the number of warehouses Increased energy consumption Increased requirement for building materials Working longer hours Local of impact of transport ( goods and staff) arriving and leaving at unsociable hours More new buildings Marchant (2010) in McKinnon, Cullinane, Browne & Whiteing, (2010) Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

Building new warehouses Opportunity to ‘design in’ environmental considerations. Design Considerations Carbon Management Energy Efficiency Ecology Waste Management Embodied Carbon Operational Carbon Good insulation & Airtight construction = less heating Increased use of daylight Embodied Carbon: Emissions associated with material manufacture, delivery and construction of building Operational Carbon: Emissions relating to the ongoing operation of the building A ‘carbon footprint’ measures the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by a person, organisation, event or product. Developed from Dalton, 2009 ProLogis Developments Ltd Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

Measurement of Environmental Impact Impact measured by Voluntary Sustainable Building Award schemes: (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) – UK http://www.breeam.org LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environment Design) – USA http://www.usgbc.org/ – Australia http://www.gbca.org.au CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency) – Japan http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/ Has led to developers such as ProLogis delivering warehouses that use 69% less energy and carbon than a typical 15 year old distribution centre. Look at direct energy, water and land usage and indirect energy embedded in construction materials and process. New build and some refurbishments. Have own rating systems- promote construction / thought about environmentally considered buildings. No international comparability but catalyst for change. Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

Example of Eco-warehousing Gazeley Chatterley Valley Staffordshire UK http://www.gazeley.com Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

JCB: Chatterley Valley Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

Environmental Initiatives at Chatterley Valley Roof lights optimise natural daylight into the warehouse, minimise night time light pollution and generate power for use in the building Naturally heated air used for internal heating Solar thermal hot water system pre heats water for use in the offices Roof mounted photovoltaic panels supplement the building’s electrical power supply Under floor heating to warehouse Energy efficient lighting in the offices linked to movement detectors Air tightness Utilisation of thermal mass within the offices providing heating and cooling savings Natural ventilation within offices Rainwater collection for re-use in offices Low water use sanitary appliances, leak detection and enhanced water metering Kinetic energy plates provision in the access road produce power when driven over by vehicles entering or leaving the site Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

M&S NDC, Castle Donington www.leicestermercury.co.uk http://www.firstindustrial.co.uk/news/ 900,000 square feet, 25 metres high. Over 140 dock levellers. 3 Storey offices. Purpose built rail freight terminal. Opened in 2013. Designed to achieve an ‘Excellent’ BREEAM rating. Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

M&S Environmental Features Carbon neutral. Part built using concrete from a former power station. UK’s largest single roof mounted solar panel array- 24,272 panels. Generates nearly 25% of energy required for the site. Rain water harvesting. Airtight building fabric- 4 times as airtight as current building regulations specify. Plenty of natural light- roof lights to minimise artificial lighting. http://www.cagroupltd.co.uk Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

John Lewis at Magna Park Milton Keynes CO2 Emissions Saving 40% CO2 pa (1,100,000 kg) Energy Usage Saving 18% pa (2,500,000 kwh) Water Usage Saving 45% pa (1,500,000 litres) Operating Cost Saving € 250,000 pa Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

Environmental improvements for all warehousing Energy efficient lighting systems Skylights and clerestory windows Area for onsite recycling Water conservation measures Low-emitting sealants, adhesives and carpet systems Bicycle, hybrid and carpool vehicle parking Using zoned or time-controlled thermostats Prologis 2011 Copyright D.G. Richards 2015

Warehouse energy usage Source: http://www.ukwa.org.uk/_files/23-carbon-trust-23.pdf Copyright D.G. Richards 2015