LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT Chapter 14 Section 3.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
American History Chapter 14 Section 3 Life on the Home Front
Advertisements

The Home Front World War II ( ) Chapter 27, Section 4.
American Home Front in WWII The U.S. Government. The U.S. Government ■To win wars in Asia & Europe & meet civilian demands, the U.S. gov’t grew to its.
American Homefront. Aiding in the War Effort Cash and Carry – Britain can pay cash and pick up supplies at American ports Lend Lease – allowed US to lend.
Objectives Find out how the United States built its military and converted its economy to meet wartime needs. Learn how American women contributed to.
Life on the Home Front.  With so many white men in the military, American defense factories began to recruit women and minorities. ◦ Women in the Defense.
WORLD WAR II THE HOMEFRONT. Congress declared war on Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Within two weeks the U.S. was at war with the Axis Powers.
World War II at home.
Chapter 14 Section 3: Life on the Home Front
 Organizing the War  Women in Industry  Ordeal for Japanese Americans  Tensions at Home.
Government expansion, and civil liberties.  US government organizes agencies to mobilize economic and military resources  War Productions Board.
WWII: Home Front Mr. Macomber Mercedes High School Mercedes TX.
Civilians at War (U.S.) women at work: many married women worked; most laid off after war ended; permanently changed attitudes.
Life on the Home Front. Industry Industry had to change in order to prepare for war Factories stopped their normal production and made supplies for war.
Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.
Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:Mobilizing for War Section 2:Section 2:The Early Battles Section 3:Section 3:Life.
Section 5: The Social Impact of the War
Sections 3-Life on the Home Front Section 3-Life on the Home Front.
U. S. Homefront Activities. “Rosie the Riveter 2.5 million women work in shipyards, aircraft factories, and manufacturing 4 million women hired for government.
14.3 Life on the Home Front.
 Many worked in heavy industry  Many worked after they were married and after they were 35 years old.  Rosie the Riveter- Motivated women to work.
14:3 Life on the Home Front – Businesses hire minorities and women – “Rosie the Riveter”
Daily Life During the War and the Allied Offensive 21.3 and 21.4.
Life on the Home Front Women in the Defense Plants 1.Most believed women shouldn’t work during the Great Depression 2.Labor shortage during the.
A. Military Mobilization Enlistment in the Military Draft Reinstated This time they were screened Became known as “GIs” 13 million men served.
Going to War  Young Americans were eager to go to war  5 million volunteers not enough; Selective Service provided another 10 million soldiers  Women’s.
The Home Front Life in America during World War II.
Chapter 25 America & World War II Section 3 Life on the Home Front.
The Home Front Chapter 26 Section 2.
America in the War SS10 Arnold. Converting the Economy  Started in 1940 (after Germany took France) 50,000 planes per year “Cost-plus” contracts = high.
AMERICA ENTERS WORLD WAR II “ Dec. 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy…” FDR.
6.2 - The Home Front I - Building Up the Military Progressives controlled Congress and they applied Progressive ideas to fighting the war. A. Selective.
The American military was not prepared for an all out war. Remember it only had 300,000 men. The U.S. calls on American men to enlist. The American.
LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT Chapter 20, Section 3 By Mr. Thomas Parsons.
JAPANESE INTERNMENT  What was the impact of Executive order 9066?  Describe the conditions of the Internment Camps.  What was Korematsu v. The United.
Ch 11. Section 2 The Home Front. Women Work for Victory American industry made the quick switch to wartime manufacturing. Many men were overseas fighting.
War mobilization, war bonds, rationing, role of women and minorities, ethnic problems How to prepare for the war and deal with racial issues.
Life on the Home Front CHAPTER 20, SECTION 3. Women and Minorities Gain Ground The war put an end to the Great Depression 19 million new jobs were created.
Life on the Home Front Women Minorities Daily Life.
Ch 20, Sec 3: Life on the Home Front. Positive Effects of the War Ended the Great Depression 19 million jobs created Doubled family income Women and minorities.
THE AMERICAN HOME FRONT.  Fought in segregated units in the war, such as the Tuskegee Airmen.  When returning home from war, if they wore their uniforms,
Life on the Home Front Chapter 12.3 Study Guide.
Warm Up # 2 How did Roosevelt's “Cash and Carry” plan help to unite Americans towards one common goal? What did each side gain?
The Home Front.
Bell ringer: January 31, 2017 On a sheet of notebook paper answer the following questions – Why did Roosevelt feel it was important that the Neutrality.
World War II in America US History – Unit #8
SWBAT: Describe the experience of Americans on the home front during WWII Do Now: a) Analyze the posters and answer the questions on your worksheet.
The Home Front.
May 7th, 2012 D-Day and Pearl Harbor WWII Notes – On the Homefront
Aim: How did the United States prepare for World War 2?
Warm up What ethnicity do you think the grocery store owner is?
The United States in WW2: Mobilizing for Defense
Life on the Home front.
Describe the impact of World War II on the lives of American citizens, including wartime economic measures, population shifts, growth in the middle class,
On the Homefront.
WWII and Discrimination
Warm-up:.
Life on the WWII Home Front
Home Front in World War II
Home Front.
World War II U.S. Home Front.
Chapter 15 section 2 The Home Front.
Chapter 25.1 and 25.4.
Life on the Home Front Chapter 14 Section 3.
The American Homefront During WWII
Chapter 12 Lesson 1 Wartime America.
On the Homefront: Support for World War II
Aim: What was the experience of Americans on the home front during WWII? Do Now: a) Analyze the posters and answer the questions.
Home Front WWII.
WWII: the Homefront Mr. Turner.
Presentation transcript:

LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT Chapter 14 Section 3

LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT WOMEN AND MINORITIES GAIN GROUND Main Idea With many men on active duty, women and minorities found factory and other jobs open to them.

WOMEN AND MINORITIES GAIN GROUND War began to dramatically change American society at home War finally ended Great Depression because of 19 million new jobs created in mobilization New jobs also paid more and doubled families income New jobs and better economic conditions did have a cost Had to move where defense jobs were and housing conditions were terrible (led to race riots, strikes ) Goods rationed and taxes were high Earning more money but working 90 hours a week Companies also wanted to hire only white men, but with so many at war had to give into pressure to hire women and minorities

WOMEN AND MINORITIES GAIN GROUND Women in the Defense plants During Great Depression believed that married women should not work outside the home Most working were young, single and employed in traditional female jobs (domestic work/teaching) Wartime labor shortage forced factories to recruit married women for industrial jobs Gov’t hired 4 million for secretarial jobs, but women in factories made for better propaganda “Rosie the Riveter” became symbol for campaign to hire women factory workers

WOMEN AND MINORITIES GAIN GROUND Rosie was a character from a song by Four Vagabonds Lyrics told of Rosie working in a factory while boyfriend served in Marines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55NCElsbjeQ Rosie everywhere and eventually 2.5 million women worked in shipyards, aircraft factories and other manufacturing plants changing perspectives of middle class women End of war number of women in the workforce went from 12.9 million to 18.8 million Most women were laid off or left jobs voluntarily after war BUT changed attitudes about women in the workplace

WOMEN AND MINORITIES GAIN GROUND African Americans Demand War Work Factories resisted hiring African Americans “A. Philip Randolph” head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (union for African American Railroad workers) Told FDR that he was organizing 10-50 thousand to march on Washington to get defense jobs FDR issued Executive Order 8802 on June 25th 1941 Declared that “there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color or national origin” To enforce order president created the Fair Employment Practices Commission First civil rights agency in federal gov’t since reconstruction

WOMEN AND MINORITIES GAIN GROUND Mexican Farmworkers 1942 federal government arranged for Mexican farmworkers to help harvest in southwest These laborers were part of the “Bracero Program” Bracero = worker in Spanish 200,000 Mexicans came to help harvest fruit and vegetables Also helped build and maintain railroads Program continued to 1964 Migrant farmworkers became important part of Southwest agriculture

LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT A NATION ON THE MOVE MAIN IDEA Millions of Americans relocated during the war to take factory jobs or to in less prejudiced areas

A NATION ON THE MOVE To get new jobs American’s had to move to be near factories 15 Million moved during the war Most headed west and south in search of jobs Growth of southern California and cities in the Deep South created a new industrial region Known as the “Sunbelt”

A NATION ON THE MOVE The Housing Crisis Most difficult task for cities with war industries was where to put thousands of workers arriving for jobs Tent cities popped up and parks filled with tiny trailers Congress pass Lanham Act in 1940 which gave $150 million for housing in these cities FDR in 1942 created National Housing Agency to coordinate all gov’t housing programs By 1943 programs had given 1.2 billion for housing Prefabricated public housing had tiny rooms, thin walls and poor heating…better than no housing! About 2 million people lived in public housing

A NATION ON THE MOVE Racism Leads to Violence African American’s left the South during World War I known as “Great Migration” Slowed during Depression but increased again during World War II due to jobs African Americans were often met with suspicion and intolerance In Detroit June 20 1943 100,000 people were in Belle Isle park to cool off Gangs of white and African American teenage girls began fighting which trigger others and led to riots across the city 25 African Americans and 9 whites were killed

A NATION ON THE MOVE The Zoot Suit Riots Prejudice boiled over in Southern California along with juvenile delinquency Young people began committing more crimes and in LA racism against Mexican American and fear of juvenile crime link because of the “zoot suit” Baggy pleated pants and overstuffed knee-length jacket with wide lapels and sometimes a wide brimmed hat

A NATION ON THE MOVE In contrast, most men wore “victory suit” to save fabric for the war A suit with no vest, no cuffs, a short jacket and narrow lapels In Cali, Mexican teenagers adopted the zoot suit June 1943 rumors that zoot-suiters had attacked several sailors In response, 2,500 soldiers and sailors attacked Mexican American neighborhoods in LA Police did not intervene and violence continued for several days Racial hostility did not stop Mexican Americans from joining the war 500,000 served in armed forces … 17 received Medal of Honor

A NATION ON THE MOVE Japanese American Relocation After Pearl Harbor, Americans took out anger on Japanese Americans / immigrants Mobs attacked businesses, banks not cash checks, stores refused service Newspapers reported on rumors of Japanese spies in Japanese American community Congress, mayors and business leaders wanted Japanese Americans removed from west coast (didn’t believe they would be loyal to United States) February 19 1942, FDR signed order allowing War Department to declare any part of the United States as a military zone and to remove people from that zone

A NATION ON THE MOVE FDR felt justified in decision when 4 days later Japanese submarine surfaced off coast of Santa Barbara Cali. Oregon forest was also bombed so Secretary of War (Henry Stimson) declared west coast a military zone All people of Japanese ancestry to evacuate to 10 interment camps inland Not all accepted without protest (claimed violated rights of Japanese Americans) Korematsu V. US – Supreme court 1944 decision that relocation was constitutional because based on military urgency not race Shortly after ruled that American citizens couldn’t be held against their will so in 1945 gov’t began to release Japanese Americans from Camps

A NATION ON THE MOVE No Japanese American was ever tried for espionage or sabotage Japanese Americans served as translators for army 442 Japanese American unit was most decorated unit in World War II After the war Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) tried to help those who lost property during relocation 1988 President Regan apologized to Japanese Americans on behalf of gov’t signed legislation giving 20,000 dollars to each surviving Japanese American who had been interned

A NATION ON THE MOVE Italian American and German American Relocation Hundreds of thousands of German and Italian Americans also had freedom restricted during the war December 9 1941, FDR signed order saying all unnaturalized residents of German and Italian descent over 14 designated enemy aliens Subject to gov’t regulation: travel restrictions, had to carry id cards and personal property could be seized Over 5000 were arrested and forced to live in military internment camps in Montana and North Dakota

LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT DAILY LIFE IN WARTIME MAIN IDEA The federal government took steps to stabilize wages and prices, as well as to prevent strikes. Americans supported the war through rationing, growing food, recycling and buying bonds

DAILY LIFE IN WARTIME Wage and Price Controls Wages and prices began to rise quickly because of high demand for workers and raw materials FDR worried about inflation and to stabilize created “Office of Price Administration” (OPA) and the Office of Economic Stabilization (OES) OES regulated wages and the price of farm products OPA regulated all other prices OPA and OES kept inflation under control and the War Labor Board (WLB) tried to prevent strikes In support most American Unions issued a no strike pledge Asked WLB to mediate disputes instead of striking… end of war had helped to settle more than 17000 disputes

DAILY LIFE IN WARTIME Blue Points, Red Points Demand for raw materials and supplies caused shortages OPA began “rationing” to make sure enough was available by limiting purchase of products to make sure there was enough for military Meat, sugar, gasoline, driving distances were rationed Speed limit was set at 35mph to save gas and rubber 1 person per household got a book of ration coupons each month Blue coupons (aka blue points) were for processed food Red coupons (aka red points) were for meats, fats and oils Other coupons controlled things like coffee, shoes and sugar (13 rationing programs total during war) When people bought rationed items, had to give enough coupon points to cover their purchases Most rationing ended before the war was over (except sugar and rubber (ended 1947))

https://Rations video

DAILY LIFE IN WARTIME Victory Gardens and Scrap Drives Planted gardens to produce more food for war effort… in backyards, school yards, city parks and empty lots Gov’t encouraged these “victory gardens” by praising them in film and other media Certain raw materials were so vital to war, gov’t organized scrap drives Volunteers collect spare rubber, tin, aluminum and steel Donated pots, tires, tin cans, car bumpers, broken radiators and bicycles WPB also set up fat collecting stations (important for explosives Exchange bacon grease and meat drippings for extra ration coupons Both activities boosted American morale

DAILY LIFE IN WARTIME Paying for the war Gov’t spent more than 300 billion during World War II… to raise money gov’t raised taxes Congress didn’t pass taxes as high as FDR wanted (American people opposed large tax increase) Amount agreed on only covered 45% of cost Gov’t issued war bonds to make up the difference Buying war bonds is a way to lend money to the gov’t Gov’t promises to repay bond plus interest at some future date Most common war bonds during World War Two were E bonds – sold for $18.75 and could be redeemed for $25 in ten year Individuals bought nearly 50 billion worth of war bonds Banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions bought the rest (more than 100 billion) Even though there were hardships, Americans felt war needed to be fought and all worked toward winning the war