College of Fire and Safety Engineering FIREFIGHTING College of Fire and Safety Engineering Submitted By : Abhisek Panda CTC-16 B-281

What is Firefighting? Firefighting is the act of extinguishing fires. A firefighter suppresses and extinguishes fires to protect lives and to prevent the destruction of property and of the environment. Firefighters may provide other valuable services to their communities, including emergency medical services. Firefighters typically undergo a high degree of technical training, in both general firefighting techniques and developing specialist expertise in particular fire and rescue operations, such as aircraft/airport rescue, wilderness fire suppression, and search and rescue. One of the major hazards associated with firefighting operations could possibly be the toxic environment created by combustible materials, the four major risks are smoke, oxygen deficiency, elevated temperatures, and poisonous atmospheres.  The first step in a firefighting operation is reconnaissance to search for the origin of the fire, to identify the specific risks, and to locate possible casualties. Fires can be extinguished by water, fuel removal, or chemical flame inhibition.

What Are The Different Types Of Fire Fighting Equipment? 1.FIRE EXTINGUISHERS You should always be aware of the dangers of the incorrect use of firefighting equipment. This is true for all fire fighting equipment, including fire extinguishers. A fire extinguisher should never be used to prop open a door. It should always be fixed to the wall, and it should be checked monthly by a service technician. Most modern fire extinguishers are developed to deal with many different fire scenarios. Fire extinguishers can be filled with powder, water additive, foam, or carbon dioxide. When choosing a fire extinguisher, be sure to pick one that will fight the fires that are most likely to develop in your business or home.

Different Types Of Fire Fighting Equipment 2. FIRE HOSE The fire hose reel lets out a powerful stream of water that extinguishes large fires. The hoses usually come in a fire hose reel, which holds 30 metres of tubing. This makes the hose easy to unravel so a fire can be fought quickly. Fire brigades can also attach different nozzles to the end of the hose to fight a variety of fire situations. A fire hose is one of the standard types of fire fighting equipment, and it is efficient against even the largest fires. 3. FIRE BUCKETS A fire bucket is considered the simplest piece of fire fighting equipment, but still serves a purpose. The standard red bucket has the word 'Fire' written on it and it is made of metal or plastic. It can be filled with water or you can fill it with a flame smothering powder like Flamezorb.To use, dump the bucket over the fire and keep repeating the process until the fire is out.

Different Types Of Fire Fighting Equipment 4. FIRE AND WELDING BLANKETS Fire blankets are used to smother small fires that start in the workplace or at home. 5. FLAMEZORB Flamezorb is a powder that effectively smothers fires. It's non-toxic and easy to clean up. Each bag of Flamezorb has enough powder to fill a ten litre fire bucket. If you work in an area like a garage forecourt where this is a high potential of spillage, Flamezorb is good to have around.

OBJECTIVES: IDENTIFY 3 common classes of fires. SELECT the proper type of extinguisher. EVALUATE when it is safe to fight an “early-stage” fire. APPLY the “P.A.S.S. method to operate a portable extinguisher.

UNTRAINED PEOPLE Cannot use a fire extinguisher safely because they are: UNABLE to evaluate a fire UNAWARE of DANGER LACKING JUDGEMENT regarding: Safe and correct use of, and Limitations of portable extinguishers

WHY UNTRAINED PEOPLE Can’t use a fire extinguisher safely INEXPERIENCED Don’t know about the proper type of extinguisher Don’t know how to make a “Fight or Flight” analysis Unfamiliar with the “P.A.S.S. method”

THE FIRE TRIANGLE Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources separate.

THE FIRE TRIANGLE Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire: Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature Some FUEL or combustible material Together, they produce the CHEMICAL REACTION that is fire Take away any of these things and the fire will be extinguished

FUEL CLASSIFICATIONS Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is burning. If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the wrong class of fire, you might make matters worse. Its very important to understand the four different fire (fuel) classification.

COMMON FIRE CLASSIFICATIONS “Ordinary” combustibles Paper, wood, rubber, plastics and textiles. “Flammable liquids” Oil, gasoline, solvents “Energized circuits” Electrical equipmentd and computers.

HOW THEY WORK: Works by cooling. Numerical rating indicates amount of agent, duration, and range of discharge on test fires. Area of Class A fire which a “non-expert” can extinguish, with proper training 1-A is equivalent on Class-A fire to five liters of water. 2-A contains has twice as much extinguishing agent.

HOW THEY WORK: Works by blanketing the fuel. Interrupts chemical reaction at fuel surface. Class B ratings signify the area in square feet of flammable liquid fire a unit will extinguish when used, by a trained, “non-expert.”

Extinguisher Common features Locking pin Carrying handle / operating lever Pressure gauge Label : Type (Water, C02, Dry Chemical) Classification (A, B, C) NFPA capacity Rating Instructions Discharge nozzle or horn

COMMON TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: WATER DRY CHEMICAL CO2 and Halon

WATER Water + CO2 propellant. ONLY for Class fires. wood / paper, etc. Spreads burning liquids. DANGER of electric shock if used on on live circuits.

DRY CHEMICAL MULTI-PURPOSE RATED Either Or Best for general use: Reduced risk of re-ignition A 10 lb. unit empties in 8-10 secs. Effective range of 6 ft. to 15 ft.

C02 - Rated Best on burning liquids / electrical. SHORT range - 3 to 8 ft. 10- pound unit empties in 5 to 10 seconds. Use short spurts. DISPERSES QUICKLY. Continue applying after the fire is out. Unit gets VERY cold - hold properly

Halon Best for computers / electronics. Weight-for-weight TWICE as effective as C02. No residue, easy clean-up. VERY SHORT range, 3 to 6 ft. Like C02, Discharges QUICKLY! Like C02, Disperses QUICKLY! Continue after flames are extinguished.

PULL AIM SQUEEZE SWEEP P.A.S.S. Remember the PASS word: 1) Keep your back to a clear escape route, 2) Stand back 6 to 8 feet from the fire, 3) Then follow as per the figure mentioned. P.A.S.S. PULL AIM SQUEEZE SWEEP

PULL the pin

LOW at the base of the fire AIM LOW at the base of the fire

SQUEEZE the lever

SWEEP from side to side

THANK YOU