A Prelude to War… Exploration continued… Radisson& Des Groseillers had to go to Britain to finance their explorations of the north. The king’s cousin, Prince Rupert was the main sponsor $$$. Their voyages led to the creation of the Hudson Bay Company.

And the story of Lasalle… RRC de La Salle went down the Mississipi river in 1682. He claimed that region for the King of France. (LOUISianna!) He was still looking for a route to Asia/China.

His neighbours ridiculed him. They called his farm “La Chine” His neighbours ridiculed him. They called his farm “La Chine”. Today the towns of Lasalle & Lachine are side by side.

The Conquest of New France

The Rivals: Britain and France In the 1700’s, Britain and France were the major powers in Europe The French wanted control over Europe The English wanted a world empire They both wanted power, so there was conflict! The conflicts of Europe spilled over into the North American colonies of New France (France) & the 13 Colonies (Britain)

First Intercolonial War 1689-97 French raided villages in Thirteen Colonies (1690) English forts were captured in Acadia and Newfoundland (Nfld.) 1694-97 A treaty is signed and there is no territorial change. The French gave back the forts to the English.

Second Intercolonial War 1702-13 French raided the Thirteen Colonies, captured forts in Nfld. and Hudson Bay English captured Port-Royal (Nova Scotia) ***Treaty of Utrecht 1713 – the French gave up Acadia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay Both sides constructed forts: Ex: France – Louisbourg (to protect St. Lawrence)

The French fort at Louisbourg

Third Intercolonial War 1744-48 Colonists from the Thirteen Colonies captured Fort Louisbourg (1745) Treaty of Aie-la-Chapelle – Louisbourg returned to the French but there is renewed conflict (1748-55) In 1755, the British deport 6,000 Acadians

PAUSE TO COMPLETE HANDOUT! (Do handout with workbook pages 71-75)

Who will win? Seven Year’s War – took place in both Europe and North America (1756-1763) In Canada there were early French success’: more manpower and forts Later (1758-1759), British success – more money and soldiers were allotted. They also had the power of the Royal Navy. By 1759, New France faced odds of nearly 3 to 1 in terms of ships, 4 to 1 in terms of regular soldiers, and 10 to 1 in money

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rnDj0QpfmY History Channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4eVwzZ9a_A People’s history (battle only…)

James Wolfe Marquis de Montcalm

Seven Years War 1756-63 French victorious at first but British regained Fort Duquesne and had victories at Oswego, Frontenac and Louisbourg (1758) The seige of Quebec was in 1759… Wolfe (English) vs. Montcalm (French) at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0qbzNHmfW0

Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759) Wolfe wanted to draw Montcalm into a fight before winter – he decided to attack at Quebec City Wolfe led elite troops up the cliffs outside Quebec to the Plains of Abraham Instead of waiting inside the fort for Wolfe, Montcalm led his men out on the plains to meet Wolfe Montcalm’s men were tired, the French were defeated and they lost Quebec Wolfe died during the battle, and Montcalm died from a wound the next day

A couple of quotes from the famous leaders… “If we find that Quebec is not likely to fall into our hands…I propose to set the town on fire with shells, to destroy the harvest, houses & cattle, both above and below, to send off as many Canadians as possible to Europe, & to leave famine and desolation behind me.” (Wolfe) “I am happy that I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec.” (Montcalm)

Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759)

A little humour…

The End of New France… Montcalm and the French defeated at Quebec (1759). Montreal CAPITULATES (surrenders) and succumbs to British rule (1760). War ends officially with the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) – France gives up all territory in North America except St. Pierre and Miquelon. Britain controlled all territory east of the Mississippi River.

The Differences Between France and the Thirteen Colonies The population of New France grew slowly – there were 70,000 people in 1760. The population was much higher in the Thirteen Colonies, the population was 1, 500, 000. The economy of New France was based on the fur trade – dependent on France. The economy of the Thirteen Colonies was more diverse – independent and prosperous.

Differences continued . . . New France had a Royal Government – power was centralized in France In the Thirteen Colonies, there was a different administration for each colony (this made it difficult to make unanimous decisions However, people had a say in the government of the Thirteen Colonies