WELLSO-2016, Russia, Tomsk, 13 September, 2016 Russian Elderly Well-Being Index: Principles, Opportunities and Limitations Presenter: Irina Pavlova iapav@mail.ru Research team: I.Pavlova, I.Gumennikov, E.Monastyrny Department of Economics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University 3rd International Scientific Symposium “Lifelong Wellbeing in the World” WELLSO-2016, Russia, Tomsk, 13 September, 2016

GLOBAL TRENDS AND UNDERSTANDING: ASSESSMENTS DEVELOPMENT (OBJECTIVE + SUBJECTIVE) 1990-2010 (political aspect) Understanding human development on only as economic growth, but also as rights, social parity and sustainability, respect to people’s rights. 2013 Global AgeWatch Index Global demographic ageing Other composite well-being indices (objective +subjective): Active Ageing Index OECD Better Life Index Multidimensional Poverty Index Legatum Prosperity Index Subjective well-being assessment: WHO-5 - WHO Well-being Scale WHOQOL – WHO Quality of Life Index (c 1991, WHOQOL-OLD module – 2005) PGWB-S - Psychological General Well-being Index HRQOL - Measure of Health-Related Quality Life Index PWI - Personal Wellbeing Index EQOLI – Elderly Quality of Life Index 2002 UN 2nd Assembly on the Ageing 1982 UN World Assembly on Ageing Academic and practice-oriented aspect: From 1961 - (LSI): Life Satisfaction Index LSI-A (20, 1961), LSI-B (12), LSI-Z (13, 1969), LSITA - Life Satisfaction Index for the Third Age (35, 1991-2006, 50+)

Systemic level structural model

Matrix of objective and subjective indicators: practice-oriented level Domains of needs for the practical level model: (1) health and physical activities; (2) income and employment; (3) accommodation, assets and living conditions; (4) education and training; (5) social connections; (6) social activities; (7) entertainment and free time; (8) mobility. Scale of interaction is represented by institutions and organizations performing functions of procurement: (1) legislation (national and regional levels); (2) budget and financial government responsibilities; (3) formal government institutions of healthcare, social welfare, education and so on; (4) non-government organizations and informal institutions; (5) close social environment (friends, neighbors, acquaintances); (6) household/family (spouses; parents, children, relatives).

Procedure of the two-level model testing Objective assessment: analysis of statistics forms of national and regional level (116 objective indicators), leading to a publication of a special report on ageing in Tomsk Oblast Subjective assessment: a survey with 78 questions resulting into 324 variables (the questionnaire was designed on the basis of the matrix of subjective and objective indicators covering 8 domain of needs and 6 functions of institutional procurement; the survey embraced 400 older adults living in the Tomsk region. Normative models: the Global AgeWatch and Active Ageing Indices

Global AgeWatch Index Source: Global AgeWatch Index 2014 Insight report

Global AgeWatch Index AW, Russian Federation, 2013 78 43 31,3 55,7 Overall ranking of the country in respective year, place in the ranking I. Income Security Index Value (max.100) II. Health Status Index Value (max.100) III. Employment and Education Index Value (max.100) IV. Enabling environment Index Value (max.100) AW, Russian Federation, 2013 78 43 31,3 55,7 44,4 AW, Russian Federation, 2014 65 ↑72,9 ↓27,1 ↓45,1 ↑55,5 AW, Russian Federation, 2014: ranking of the country within the domains, place in the ranking 37 86 26 82

Active Ageing Index Source: AAI in Brief (2014). Active Ageing Index. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

Basic principles for index development Three basic principles for developing a composite index (Korchagina , 2012) : data should be available and measurable, including on the regional level, presented in official documents and regularly updated; the indicators/variables should be simple enough for interpretation and reflect the actual processes and their dynamics; the indicators/variables must be scientifically grounded and justified, be based on international standards, can be used in econometric models to measure, assess and predict development of the present situation

Basic principles for index development Additional principles (Pavlova et al., 2016): possibility and necessity of heterogeneous indicators/variables aggregation in a comprehensive evaluation scale under the single methodology; indicators/variables relevance implies the validity and justification of the integration into the composite index any specific variable, indicator or a domain; adequate, fair and reasonable allocation of weights between variables, indicators and domains; needs of the elderly population non-excludability - all the needs of the elderly should be taken into account; non-excludability of territories and regions - the research and evaluation should cover and be accomplished for all the regions or territories; differentiation of regions and territories with the possibility of multi-level differentiation in Russia (federal districts, regions, territories) due to significant distinctions in socio-economic development levels; combination and usage both the objective and subjective measures; valid and fair international and inter-regional comparisons.

Tomsk region: some numbers At the beginning of 2014 accounts 224,400 people over retirement age (men - 60 years and older, women - 55 years and older). Compared to 2011, the number of older adults increased by 17,800 (or 8.6% increase) since the generation of 50s began to reach retirement age. During this period, the share of the older retired generation in total population of the Tomsk region increased from 19.7% to 21.0%. The population of the Tomsk region, according to international criteria, is considered to be “old” since the number of the people 65+ years is higher than 7% of the total population. In the beginning of 2014 this figure was 11% (every ninth resident).

Russian Elderly Wellbeing Index (REWI) data sources Limited number of regions All regions Comprehensive monitoring of living conditions (2014) Russian Federal State Statistics Service website, “Older generation” section Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (Higher School of Economics, 38 regions) The Eurobarometer  survey (RANEPA, 10 regions)

REWI domains structure: 4 dimensions Economic Social Health 3.1. Life expectancy in old age 3.2. Sports activities 3.3. Health status self-assessment 3.4. Chronic diseases 3.5. Bad habits (smoking and drinking abuse) 1.1. The real size of pensions 1.2. The ratio of the average size of pensions to the subsistence minimum 1.3. The employment rate above the working age 1.4. Paid work or any employment over past week 1.5. Satisfaction with the job 2.1. The level of education 2.2. Help from children living separately 2.3. Internet use 2.4. Membership in voluntary organizations 2.5. Visiting events (“Going Out”) Regional and government procurement 4.1. Living condition 4.2. The quality of social service institutions 4.3. Social payments 4.4. Opinion of the residence place 4.5. Problems in the residence area 4.6. Medical services availability

REWI: ECONOMIC DIMENSION Top-10: Chukotka, Magadan, St.Petersburg (city), Khanty-Mansiysk, Yamalo-Nenetskiy, Murmansk, Sakha, Leningradskaya Oblast, Udmurtiya, Moscow region

REWI: SOCIAL DIMENSION Top-10: St.Petersburg (city), Moscow (city), Sevastopol (city), Sakha, Arkhangelsk, Kaliningrad, Khabarovsk, Moscow region, Yamalo-Nenetsk, Tver

REWI: HEALTH DIMENSION Top-10: Kirov, Vladimir, Chuvashiya, Tchechnya, Magadan, Karachaevo-Chekessiya, Adygeya, Dagestan, Udmurtiya, Zabaikalskiy Krai

REWI: REGIONAL DIMENSION Top-10: Moscow (city), Yamalo-Nenetsk, Nenetsk, Tyumen, Chukotka, Sverdlovskaya Oblast, Khanti-Mansiysk, St.Peterburg (city), Karelia, Chechnya

REWI: 4 domains Top-15: Yamalo-Nenetsk, St.Peterburg (city), Moscow (city), Chukotka, Khanty-Mansiysk, Sevastopol (city), Moscow region, Sakha, Karelia, Chechnya, Leningradskaya Oblast, Tatarstan, Sverdlovsk, Samara, Tyumen, Kaliningrad

REWI: FEDERAL DISTRICTS

Thank you for your attention! Irina Pavlova, iapav@mail.ru Department of Economics, Lifelong Wellbeing Lab, Tomsk Polytechnic University