Chapter 16 Lesson 16.3 psoriasis scabies scleroderma systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) tinea vitiligo acne burns cellulitis eczema exanthematous viral diseases gangrene impetigo fungal tests Mohs surgery skin biopsy skin test bacterial analyses cryosurgery curettage eletrodesiccation Journal entry: List as many skin disorders as you can.

Objectives Describe lesions, symptoms, and pathological conditions that relate to the skin. Identify laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations that pertain to the skin. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.

Skin Neoplasms — Benign Callus Keloid What is a callus? (increased growth of cells in keratin layer of epidermis due to friction against skin) What is a keloid? (hypertrophied, thickened scar after trauma or surgery) Ask for student examples of places that commonly develop calluses. Why? Some people who are prone to keloids are discouraged from having their ears pierced.

Skin Neoplasms — Benign (cont’d) Keratosis: thickened area of epidermis Leukoplakia: white thickened patches on tongue or cheek Nevus: pigmented lesion Verruca: warts caused by virus Have students find images for abnormalities not shown in the text. Images are very useful for remembering these conditions.

Skin Neoplasms — Cancerous Basal cell carcinoma Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis Refer back to the chapter that included AIDS. Why are AIDS patients susceptible to this condition? Why does it rarely occur in the rest of the population?

Skin Neoplasms — Cancerous (cont’d) Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis. Refer back to the chapter that included AIDS. Why are AIDS patients susceptible to this condition? Why does it rarely occur in the rest of the population?

Skin Neoplasms — Cancerous (cont’d) The ABCDs of malignant melanoma. A. Asymmetry B. Border, irregular or circumscribed These skin tumors often metastasize to the lung, liver, bone, and brain. What is the current treatment for this type of cancer? Squamous cells can grow wherever there is squamous epithelium (internal or external). Common places include the mouth, larynx, bladder, esophagus, and lungs. Some are cigarette-related. Why are healthy organs lined with squamous cells in the first place? What about this tissue makes it appropriate for those particular organ systems? D. Diameter, usually larger than 6mm C. Color variation

Skin Neoplasms — Cancerous (cont’d) Kaposi sarcoma Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules. Refer back to the chapter that included AIDS. Why are AIDS patients susceptible to this condition? Why does it rarely occur in the rest of the population?

Laboratory Tests Bacterial analyses: pus or fluid samples examined to detect microorganisms Fungal tests: scrapings for culture and microscopic examination after treatment with KOH

Clinical Procedures Cryosurgery: destroy tissue with subzero temperatures using liquid nitrogen Curettage: scrape lesion with sharp curet Electrodesiccation: destroy tissue by burning with electric spark For what conditions is electrodesiccation recommended?

Clinical Procedures (cont’d) Mohs surgery: remove thin layers of growth to examine under microscope (basal and squamous cell) Skin biopsy: punch and shave to remove for examination in path lab Skin test: test reaction of body to allergen with skin test (scratch or patch tests) Discuss how some of the surgeries are for both diagnosis and treatment. Removal is done whether or not the physician knows that the lesion is cancerous. All suspicious-looking tissues removed from the body are sent to the pathology lab for analysis. Why?

Abbreviations ABCDE asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution (or change) —characteristics associated with melanoma bx biopsy Derm. dermatology DLE discoid lupus erythematosus PPD purified protein derivative PUVA psoralen-ultravoilet A light therapy SLE systemic lupus erythematosus SC subcutaneous Ask students to provide the full terms for these abbreviations.

Review Sheet (cont’d) adip/o fat albin/o white caus/o burn, burning COMBINING FORMS adip/o fat albin/o white caus/o burn, burning cauter/o heat, burn cutane/o skin derm/o skin Combining Form Meaning

Review Sheet (cont’d) dermat/o skin diaphor/o profuse sweating COMBINING FORMS dermat/o skin diaphor/o profuse sweating erythem/o redness erythemat/o redness hidr/o sweat ichthy/o scaly, dry Combining Form Meaning

Review Sheet (cont’d) kerat/o hard, horny tissue leuk/o white COMBINING FORMS kerat/o hard, horny tissue leuk/o white lip/o fat melan/o black myc/o fungus onych/o nail Combining Form Meaning

Review Sheet (cont’d) phyt/o plant pil/o hair, hair follicle py/o pus COMBINING FORMS phyt/o plant pil/o hair, hair follicle py/o pus rhythid/o wrinkle seb/o sebum squam/o scale-like Combining Form Meaning

Review Sheet (cont’d) steat/o fat trich/o hair ungu/o nail COMBINING FORMS steat/o fat trich/o hair ungu/o nail xanth/o yellow xer/o dry Combining Form Meaning

Review Sheet (cont’d) -algia pain -derma skin -esis condition SUFFIXES -algia pain -derma skin -esis condition -lysis breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening -ose full of; pertaining to; sugar Suffix Meaning

Review Sheet (cont’d) -osis condition, usually abnormal SUFFIXES -osis condition, usually abnormal -ous pertaining to -plakia plaque -plasty surgical repair -rrhea flow; discharge Suffix Meaning